商周「禽」族史跡考

A Study of the “Qin” Clan in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties

商代存在著為數眾多的貴族世家，其所為行跡往往見載於卜辭、銅器銘文，流傳後世。「禽」族是其中一個重要的大氏族，雖然保留下來的史料並不十分豐富，亦足以勾勒大致面貌。本文針對甲骨、金文「禽」字，分析其異同，明確定義「禽」字構形特色，與「畢」進行清楚區隔。其次，對甲骨、金文中「禽」族的所有史跡進行通盤整理，判讀個別分散的材料，使其建立整體性，最大限度還原晚商時期到西周末年「禽」族的生活史。最後對「亞」稱稍作討論，並根據新近的河南正陽考古成果，探討禽族的地望問題。

There were many families of nobility in the Shang Dynasty. Their deeds and activities are mostly presented in the oracle-bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions, transmitting to descendants from generation to generation. One of the more remarkable families is “禽 Qin”. Despite the fact that are not a tremendous amount of historical materials that have been preserved about them, there are enough for us to gain a broad historical outline regarding this family. This paper analyzes the meaning of the character “Qin” on oracle-bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions, analyzing their similarities and differences, defining the formal features of the physical character, and creating a definitive contrast with the character “Bi.” Secondly, this paper will provide a comprehensive discussion of all of the historical materials related to the “Qin” clan that can be found from oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, reading carefully various historical materials that have been scattered. Producing a comprehensive picture of these materials, this paper attempts, to the greatest extent possible, to recreate the social history of the Qin clan from the late Shang to the end of the Western Zhou. Finally, the paper will provide a discussion of the “Ya” appellation and, in conjunction with the latest geological findings from Zhengyang in Henan, explore the question of the geographic location of the Qin clan.