王言、舊史與虛構――王禹偁「擬」作考

The Words of the Monarch, Ancient History and Fiction: On the Simulation Writing of Wang Yucheng

王禹偁晚年自定《小畜集》，存錄〈擬試內制五題〉兩卷，王氏曾孫編其遺文為《小畜外集》，其中又有「代擬」兩卷。以往認為這四卷「擬」作性質一貫，大抵是宋太宗雍熙年間王禹偁在長洲任上「私試」之文。考察詳曲，所謂「五題」乃是依循唐代舊制而為；〈擬試內制五題〉亦含雍熙之後的作品；《外集》所收「代擬」諸文，雖統歸一類，其體制實有不同：有著眼時事的私擬「王言」，也有依託舊史的「重擬」與「補亡」，還有的「代」「擬」之文在立意上便是虛構，諸作並非一時一地所為。透過這些「貌同心異」的「擬」作，可以覘知王禹偁創作的獨到之處，也可窺見這位文壇「一時作手」的學文歷程，還可藉此了解「擬」作之中可能蘊含的豐富面相。

Wang Yucheng compiled the Collection of Xiao Chu in his later years, including two volumes of the “five themes for simulation tests''. After Wang's death, his descendants compiled his legacy into The Unofficial Collection of Xiao Chu, which has two volumes of “Simulation tests''. These four volumes were considered to be of the same nature, and were mainly private simulation writings of Wang Yucheng who was appointed in Changzhou during the reign of Emperor Taizong in the Yongxi period of the Song Dynasty. Textual research shows that the so-called ''five themes'' were based on the old system of the Tang Dynasty; in the “five themes for simulation tests'' there are also some works dating after the Yongxi period. Those articles were included in ''Simulation tests'' of The Unofficial Collection of Xiao Chu, but they are actually in different styles: some are personal simulation of the words of the monarch focused on current affairs; some are ''reformulation'' or ''supplement'' based on the history of the Tang Dynasty; some are fiction in essence. These simulation writings help us understand the uniqueness of Wang Yucheng’s works, allow us to learn details about the process of his literary studies, and appreciate the rich aspects hidden in this kind of texts.