閩南方言「母」多重音讀的層次辨析

Diachronic Strata Analysis of The Heteronym “MU(母)” in the Southern Min Dialect

閩南方言「母」有多達五項音讀：bio2僅用於文讀、bu2傾向指稱母親、bo2傾向指稱動物雌性及做為名詞詞尾、bɔ2指稱女性、m2指稱母輩年長女性；此乃反映閩語擁有豐富歷史層次的特點，這五項音讀分別承擔由「母」發展衍生的多重語義用法，共時平面上形成穩定的分工狀態。從歷時層面來看，閩南方言「母」的多重音讀，展現不同層次的音讀疊加現象，本文運用歷史層次分析方法辨析「母」五項音讀所反映的歷史音韻結構特點，同時論及同族語詞「姥」的兩項異讀層次，據以探討各項層次的可能來源。本文分析結果顯示閩南方言「母」的多重音讀，不僅有反映之幽相近合流的歷史層次，還保留了「母」讀為魚部、之魚音近的獨特層次。

“MU(母)” in the Southern Min dialect has five pronunciations which have different meanings: bio2 used as the literary reading; bu2 which means mother; bo2 which means female animal or used as a noun suffix; bɔ2 which means female human; and m2 which means the woman older than your mother. Multiple pronunciations of “MU(母)” show the complicated diachronic strata of the Southern Min dialect. This paper differentiates the historical phonological characteristics of the five pronunciations and discusses when and where each pronunciation originated. The main conclusion is that Sothern Min not only has the stratum that shows the close relationship of the rhyme ZHI(之) and YOU(幽) of Chinese traditional phonology, but also keeps another stratum that demonstrates the close relationship of the rhyme ZHI(之) and YU(魚).