新制度主義三大學派的比較與整合：以勞動派遣制度為個案的分析   全文下載

Integration and Comparison of the Three New Institutionalisms: A Case Study of the Dispatched Employment

中央政府機關總員額法之限制，讓政府日益擴增的業務，必須尋求非典型人力的挹注方得以完成。高彈性、低財政負擔的勞動派遣人力，在引進當時被視為可取代約聘僱人力的高效益制度，卻在大量運用之際，突然劃上休止符、派遣歸零，轉而改採臨時人力與承攬人力，政策的變遷方向出乎意料。針對中央政府勞動派遣制度的變遷，本研究以整合三大新制度主義的視角出發，以其為個案進行學理測試，比較理性選擇制度主義、社會學制度主義及歷史制度主義三大新制度主義的觀點異同，進一步測量比較三者間的比例權重。結果顯示，歷史制度主義對我國中央機關勞動派遣制度變遷的詮釋比例占比最重，但另外兩大新制度主義仍無法被全然取代，是以，吾人以制度理論與實務對話時，應以整合性的視角將三種新制度主義均納入。此外，新制度主義所強調的行動者觀點，在勞動派遣制度變遷的個案上，也觀察到政治行動者間的關係與互動，決定了勞動派遣制度的中止；未來吾人在觀察政府人力管理制度變遷發展上，應多加重視不同政治行動者之間的互動關係，理解行動者們所採取的適切反應，以避免政策變遷造成政府人力資源管理運作的劇烈衝擊。

The restrictions imposed by the Act Governing the Total Number of Personnel Headcounts of Central Government Agencies have made it increasingly difficult for the government to handle its expanding tasks. As a result, the government has had to rely on non-traditional workforce solutions to complete its tasks. One such solution, dispatch labor, was introduced as a highly efficient system that allowed government agencies to employ flexible labor with low financial burden, and it was initially seen as a potential replacement for contract employees. However, this system was abruptly discontinued. What began as widespread adoption of dispatch labor shifted to a strategy focused on increasing temporary contract labor. This unexpected shift in policy direction warrants further examination.
This study investigates the evolution of the labor dispatch system in central government agencies through the integrative lens of the three main strands of new institutionalism: rational choice institutionalism, sociological institutionalism, and historical institutionalism. By treating this case as a theoretical test, the study compares the similarities and differences among the three perspectives and further assesses their relative explanatory weights. Findings reveal that historical institutionalism offers the most comprehensive explanation for the transformation of labor dispatch policies in Taiwan’s central government. Nevertheless, the other two schools of new institutionalism remain significant and cannot be entirely replaced. Therefore, when engaging in a theoretical-practical dialogue on institutional change, an integrated perspective that encompasses all three institutionalist approaches is recommended. Moreover, the actor-centered focus in new institutionalism is evident in this case, as the interactions and relationships among political actors played a decisive role in the cessation of the labor dispatch system. Future research and policy-making in the domain of governmental human resource management should pay closer attention to the dynamics among political actors to better anticipate policy shifts and mitigate their disruptive impacts on administrative operations.