漢語「嚴重」近義詞組之區辨分析與教學應用－－以語料庫為本

A Distinctive Analysis and Pedagogical Application of Near Synonyms of yanzhong in Chinese: A Corpus-Based Approach

本研究透過文獻回顧及語料庫分析，對比「嚴重」近義詞組共七個詞語「嚴重」、「嚴格」、「嚴肅」、「嚴厲」、「嚴酷」、「嚴苛」、「嚴峻」在基本語義、語法功能、共現詞語以及適用語體上的異同。本研究歸納此組近義詞的基本語義由六個義項組成，每個標的詞各領有一個或數個義項；語法功能以擔任定語、狀語及謂語為主。在共現詞方面，受基本語義制約，「嚴重」多與消極詞語共現，其餘詞語則多與中性詞語共現；搭配限制包含，消極詞語中屬「天災人禍」或「身心傷病」者僅與「嚴重」共現；另一方面，「嚴重」不與指稱「人」的詞語共現，其餘標的詞則可。在適用語體上，「嚴重」多使用於口語，「嚴格」及「嚴苛」於書面、口語的使用比例各半，其餘標的詞則多用於書面。本研究根據以上分析結果，彙整「嚴重」近義詞的區辨要點，並提出教學應用上的建議。

This study compares the similarities and differences in basic semantics, grammatical functions, collocations, and applicable registers among the seven synonyms of yanzhong (嚴重): yanzhong (嚴重), yange (嚴格), yansu (嚴肅), yanli (嚴厲), yanku (嚴酷), yanke (嚴苛), and yanjun (嚴峻) through literature review and corpus analysis. The study summarizes that the basic semantics of these synonyms consist of six meanings, with each target word covering one or several of these meanings. Grammatically, these words mainly function as attributives, adverbials, and predicates. In terms of collocations, influenced by their basic meanings, yanzhong (嚴重) tends to collocate with negative words, while the other words mostly collocate with neutral words. As for collocational constraints, yanzhong (嚴重) only collocates with negative words related to natural disasters or physical and mental illnesses, whereas the other target words do not collocate with human-related words. In terms of applicable registers, yanzhong (嚴重) is mostly used in spoken language, yange (嚴格) and yanke (嚴苛) are used equally in both written and spoken language, while the other target words are mostly used in written language. Based on the analysis results, this study summarizes the distinguishing points of the synonyms of yanzhong (嚴重) and provides suggestions for pedagogical applications.