模里西斯客家族群的認同彈性與跨國產業鏈結

Elastic Identities and the Transnational Connections of Multiple Industries of Hakka Diaspora in Mauritius

作為一個離散群體，客家族群如何在全球尺度範圍移動，在各地發展產業經濟、認同與文化一直是國內外學界討論的重要課題。本研究至印度洋島國－模里西斯進行移地研究並與客家族群及漁民進行口述訪談，理解模國客家族群的離散歷史與客家人在島上發展之過程。本研究認為，當代複雜的認同變動與彈性成為一種跨國產業鏈結的可能，使得模里西斯客家族群得以位處在不同歷史階段的跨國產業介面，包含鑲嵌在西方殖民體制下，作為城鄉空間結構介面的批發零售業；二戰後因國際政經變動而鏈結、引入臺港紡織工業與遠洋漁業；當代兩岸政治情勢與中國一帶一路地緣政治影響，使模國客家族群得以動態地透過彈性認同進而介接跨國產業與資源，有助於模里西斯的經濟發展。

Scholars have discussed how Hakka diasporas migrated, developed in-dustries, and had multiple identities on a global scale. This paper conducted field research in Mauritius, using in-depth interviews with the Hakka people to understand the diasporic history of the Hakka community in Mauritius and the process of Hakka development on the island. We argue that the complex-ity and elastic identities of the Mauritian Hakka community have served as a linkage between them and transnational industrial interfaces at various histor-ical stages. Since the Western colonial system, the Hakka people have partici-pated in the wholesale and retail network and have integrated themselves into the urban-rural spatial structure. After WWII, the Hakka community imported the textile processing industry and fishery from Taiwan to support the econo-my of independent Mauritius. Recently, China’s Belt and Road Initiative also entered the economic market in Mauritius through Hakkas. This paper stated that the Hakka community connects transnational industries to the economic development of Mauritius through elastic identities.