小說、圖像、評點：毛本《三國演義》「刮骨療毒」故事探究

Novel, Image, and Commentary: An Exploration of the“Scraping the Bone to Treat Poisoning”Story in Mao Edition of“Romance of the Three Kingdoms”

「刮骨療毒」乃著名三國故事，在人物、題材、版本、插畫、評點等方面存在許多值得挖掘之議題。本文首先考究其從史書、平話到明代《三國演義》之文學演化，分析事件時間、醫病書寫和主題思想，瞭解本事在毛本面世前之面貌。其次則透過版本比對，掌握毛本與明刊本兩大系統之異同，進而梳理刮骨故事之淵源。要言之，毛本承襲江南本「何用柱環」四字，並修訂文詞而省略王甫；反映在插畫裡，清代繪有刮骨圖之毛本刊本亦皆未見柱環，治療場景則有屋宇和軍帳兩種風格。至若毛氏的評點，除頌揚關公英雄氣概，亦側寫其人心病與天命，點出刮骨本事在小說裡攸關成敗的結構意義。

“Scraping the Bone to Treat Poisoning”is a famous story from“Romance of the Three Kingdoms”, with many aspects worth exploring, including characters, themes, editions, illustrations, and commentaries. This paper first examines its literary evolution from historical records and Pinghua to the Ming Dynasty’s“Romance of the Three Kingdoms”. It analyzes the timeline of events, medical writing, and thematic ideas to understand what the story was like before the Mao edition. Secondly, through edition comparison, this paper identifies the similarities and differences between the Mao edition and the Ming printed editions, thereby tracing the origins of the“Scraping the Bone to Treat Poisoning”story. In brief, the Mao edition inherits the four words“何用柱環”（why bother using the pillar and ring）from the Jiangnan edition, while revising the text and omitting Wang Fu; reflected in the illustrations, various engraved editions of the Mao edition from the Qing dynasty that include illustration of“Scraping the Bone to Treat Poisoning”also all lack the pillar and ring, and their treatment settings come in two styles: house and tents. As for Mao’s commentary, apart from praising Guan Gong’s heroic spirit, it also profile his character flaw and explores the Mandate of Heaven. And these comments point out the structural significance of this story in the novel concerning success and failure.