從西方「田牧詩」探索《詩經》之文藝特質

Exploring Western Pastoral to Literary Characteristics of The Book of Songs

田牧詩乃西方文學批評「新批評」重要方法之一，泛指一類「不是牧童的人寫給同樣不是牧童的人看的牧童詩歌」的作品，從而探討此類作品中作者、讀者、作品三者間之相互關係。本文推論《詩經》乃廣義之田牧詩。《詩經》內容雖遍及庶民各種生活與心理實況，但文學本質上仍為文人間流傳之作品。乃屬「不是庶民的人寫給同樣不是庶民的人看的庶民詩歌」。因此《詩經》既是文人作品且僅在文人中流傳，必然充滿文藝特質。本文進而探討《詩經》中此類特色。由近代之抒情傳統、興發感動、境界等學說印證，《詩經》作品實充滿特殊之文藝性。此類文藝特質堪稱傳世瑰寶，此後楚辭、漢賦、唐詩、宋詞均沿此發展。

This paper introducing the Western Pastorals first. Pastoral is one of the important methods of New Criticism in Western literary criticism, particularly it is ''Shepherd poetry written by people who are not shepherd to readers who are also not shepherds''. Then we deduce that The Book of Songs is a form of Pastoral in a broad sense, it is a ''poetry on common people written by people who are not common people to be read by people who are also not common people''. Since the Book of Songs is a work of literati and only circulated among literati, so it is inevitably full of literary qualities. We thus further explore such features. Confirmed by the modern lyrical tradition, moving, realm and other theories, The Book of Songs is full of special literary qualities. Such characteristics pass down from generation to generation, all the way to Tang and Song poetry.