故事的力量──論瓦歷斯‧諾幹「擬口傳」小說的敘事意圖與歷史記憶建構

The Power of Stories: On the Narrative Intent and the Construction of Historical Memory in Walis Nokan’s Fiction of“Simulated Orality”

本文討論瓦歷斯‧諾幹「在故事中說故事」的短篇小說，並因其與口傳文學的親密關係，將之稱為「擬口傳」小說。這類小說繼承了原住民的口述傳統，本文透過敘事學的角度切入，進一步考察這類小說的形式特徵與內容關懷，並嘗試指出，在形式上，這類小說轉換了不同的敘述層次，模糊敘事的邊界，從而讓敘述者、受述者互為主體成為可能。而在內容上，這類小說部分改寫了已被記錄的歷史，在瓦歷斯‧諾幹的後殖民關懷之下，有著與主流敘事對話，形塑族群記憶的積極意義。

This essay analyzes the literary device of“a story within a story”in multiple short stories by Walis Nokan. I classify these works as“the fiction of simulated orality”due to the strong affinities that Nokan establishes between his narrative techniques and the genre of oral literature. As Nokan’s embedded narratives are rooted in the indigenous tradition of oral storytelling, this essay explores the features of literary forms and thematic contents that embody the concept of care in his fictions through a narratological approach. In terms of literary form, Nokan’s use of orality allows the narratives to oscillate between multiple layers and to blur the boundaries of storytelling, as the story-tellers and the listeners engage in potential inter-subjective exchange. Nokan’s fictions partially rewrite official history. Under Nokan’s postcolonial concern, they engage in dialogue with dominant narratives and carry a constructive significance in shaping indigenous collective memory.