澎湖居民參與澎湖時間銀行的意向調查研究

Research on Penghu Residents’Intentions to Participate in the Penghu Time Bank

澎湖位處離島，相對於其他縣市而言為獨立與小型的社會，當遭受衝擊時的社會可承受力一向薄弱，又加諸台灣海峽天塹所造成的交通不便，無法如其他地區般可較輕易仰賴跨縣市的外來支援，故而造成澎湖地區社會韌性低的長期困境，一直難以改善與克服。
多年前在澎湖地區雖曾有民意代表倡議過時間銀行此一新形態的社福相關制度，冀望能夠對強化澎湖社會有助，但卻至今從未跨出第一步，未曾實際付諸行動、嘗試推動過。
澎湖地區在志願服務工作推動方面有人力斷層的問題，而澎湖軍公教人員比例卻遠高於其他縣市，約佔整體常住人口將近3成。這種特殊的人口結構，有著相較於其他縣市而言在實施時間銀行制度上的先天優勢。
綜上，基於澎湖的小規模社區結構，透過時間銀行導入來強化社會與社區的互助與互動的機制，不失為強化社會韌性的一劑良方。
本研究係在澎湖縣政府尚未正式決定要推動澎湖時間銀行前，以計畫行為理論來探討澎湖居民參與澎湖時間銀行的意向，以作為縣府施政前的參考依據。除依循原理論中計畫模型的「態度」、「主觀規範」、「知覺行為控制」、及「行為意向」四大構面外，另外添加了「社會責任」構面以讓整體研究結果更臻完善。最終，所有研究假設皆獲得實證上的支持。

Penghu is an outlying island of Taiwan. Compared with other counties and cities in Taiwan, Penghu society is relatively isolated and small. Its social resilience when facing external impacts has traditionally been limited. In addition, the natural barrier of the Taiwan Strait limits transportation, making it difficult for Penghu to rely on external support from other counties and regions. This has contributed to the long-term challenge of low social resilience in Penghu, which has been difficult to improve.
Although some representatives of public opinion in Penghu proposed a new social welfare system called the Time Bank many years ago, hoping it would help strengthen the community, neither the Penghu government nor the proponents have taken concrete steps to implement it. The Penghu region faces a manpower shortage in promoting volunteer services. However, the proportion of military, public, and educational personnel in Penghu is much higher than in other counties and cities, accounting for just under 30% of the permanent population. This special population structure has inherent advantages compared with other counties and cities in implementing the Time Bank system. Based on these issues, introducing a Time Bank in a community-structured area like Penghu could effectively strengthen mutual assistance and interaction within society, thereby enhancing social resilience.
This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior to explore Penghu residents’intentions to participate in the Penghu Volunteer Time Bank, prior to the official promotion of the program by the Penghu County Government, in order to provide a reference for policy implementation. In addition to the four main dimensions of the original theory,“attitude toward behavior,”“subjective norm,”“perceived behavioral control,”and“behavioral intention,”this study added an extra dimension of“social responsibility”to provide a more comprehensive analysis. All the research hypotheses were ultimately supported by the empirical findings.