馬祖群島之水資源治理與永續發展

The Water Governance and Sustainable Development in Matsu Islands

本研究旨在探討馬祖列島的水資源治理發展，聚焦於自然條件、人地關係與治理制度之間的交互作用。研究團隊於2023至2024年間，針對馬祖四鄉五島進行田野調查，收集超過25筆樣本，涵蓋地方水廠、海水淡化廠、鄉鎮長或村長、當地居民等受訪者，並實地測量水質與水量資料。研究發現如下：首先，各島嶼水資源治理機制存在明顯差異，反映出在地自然條件與制度運作的不均衡性。其次，水資源的空間分布與聚落形成緊密相關，並深刻影響地方的永續發展策略。以北竿芹壁村為例，聚落原依地表湧泉而形成，然而近年因水質污染而棄用該水源，反而導致湧泉逸流造成山坡含水量過高，誘發邊坡不穩定、土石流災害，顯示水資源的歷史利用與生態風險治理需結合思考。第三，水治理不僅是基礎設施議題，更關涉地方文化、產業與聚落韌性的永續發展。本研究主張應重建地下水、湖庫水、湧泉等自然水源的治理機制，例如室內儲水設施，並將海水淡化設施作為備援性、非常態的支援系統，以降低高耗能與高成本之依賴。最後，本文回應國科會「大地方計畫」實踐意涵，指出馬祖水治理展現出不同於新自由主義式水資源商品化的模式，而是一種國家管理主義型水治理實驗場域。

This study investigates the development of water resource governance in the Matsu Islands, with a particular focus on the interplay between natural conditions, settlement patterns, and institutional arrangements. From 2023 to 2024, fieldwork was conducted across the four townships and five islands of Lienchiang County, Taiwan. The study involved more than 25 interviews with key stakeholders, including local water plant staff, seawater desalination facility operators, township and village leaders, and residents, and included measurements of water quality and quantity. Findings reveal significant variation in water governance across the islands, reflecting uneven distributions of natural and institutional resources. The spatial distribution of water sources has historically shaped the formation of settlements and continues to influence local sustainability strategies. For example, Qinbi Village on Beigan Island originally developed around hillside springs. Due to high levels of bacterial contamination, these natural sources have been abandoned, and water seepage has increased slope instability, triggering landslides and forced evacuations. This highlights the need to revisit historical patterns of water use and to adopt nature-based solutions for ecological disaster prevention and adaptation. Moreover, water governance in the Matsu Islands plays a vital role in sustaining local culture, economy, and community resilience. The study advocates for a sustainability strategy that prioritizes the purification and utilization of natural water sources—such as groundwater, reservoirs, and springs—while reserving energy-intensive seawater desalination for emergency or seasonal shortages. Finally, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on Taiwan’s ''Great Locality'' (Da-Di-Fang) initiative. Contrary to the trend of neoliberal water commodification observed elsewhere, water governance in the Matsu Islands exemplifies a state-led model.