選民如何看待帶職參選候選人：以2012-2020立委選舉為例

How Voters View Candidates Running for Office While Holding Another Position: A Case Study of Legislative Elections from 2012 to 2020

「帶職參選」是台灣選舉常見的現象，一些民選政治人物會在任期結束之前投入另一場選戰，追求更高的政治職位。政治人物「帶職參選」的話題，也常在選戰中引起諸多討論。國內外有許多研究，係從民主政治中政治晉陞的角度著眼，以候選人的角度探討政治結構的晉陞機會以及候選人競選策略等議題，鮮少從選民的角度出發，探討選民究竟如何看待候選人「帶職參選」行為。本文選擇2012至2020年間三次立委選舉作為觀察標的，並使用「聯合分析」的實驗方法執行網路調查，分析不同條件之下選民是否接受政治人物向上晉陞的行為，據以瞭解選民如何看待「帶職參選」的候選人。本研究發現：雖然較多民眾對於「帶職參選」抱持負面的看法，然而在考量候選人各項背景時，「帶職參選」卻成為候選人有利的條件。相較於無現任職位的候選人，民眾較傾向支持具有現任議員身分的候選人。儘管「帶職參選」對候選人的形象有負面影響，但「帶職參選」同時也代表候選人具有一定的政治經驗，其政治經驗帶來的正面效果遠大於「帶職參選」的負面效應。

“Running for an office while holding another position”is common in Taiwanese elections, where incumbent politicians often engage in another campaign before the end of their term, aiming for higher-level political positions. This phenomenon has been discussed in several elections, sparking much debate during the campaigns. There are numerous studies focusing on the political promotion from the perspective of candidates, such as the promotion opportunities within the political structure and candidate campaign strategies. However, there are few studies that approach the issue from the perspective of voters, exploring how voters perceive the behavior of candidates who“run for office while holding another position.”This study selects three legislative elections from 2012 to 2020 as the observation targets and employs an experimental method of“conjoint analysis”through an online survey to analyze whether voters accept the behavior of politicians seeking upward promotion under different conditions. The results indicate that although the public generally holds negative views toward“running for office while holding another position,”it becomes an advantageous condition for candidates when considering various backgrounds of candidates. Compared to candidates without incumbent positions, respondents still prefer candidates with incumbent legislative status. This suggests that although“running for office while holding another position”is negative label to candidates, it still represents that candidates possess a certain level of political experience. The positive effects of latter outweigh the negative effects of the former for voters.