選舉動員與性別：影響女性原住民縣市議員候選人參選因素之探討

Electoral Mobilisation and Gender: Factors Contributing to Female Indigenous Candidates in Local City and County Elections

無論是一般漢人選區或是原住民選區，女性當選縣市議員的比例日益成長。儘管兩個群體在競選過程中面臨相似的挑戰，但也存在明顯的差異。本探索性研究聚焦於探討影響女性原住民縣市議員候選人參選的重要因素。本文以深度訪談法蒐集資料，主要關注原住民女性候選人被甄補參選的過程、競選期間面對的社會結構與文化的阻礙與機會，以及她們對女性參與選舉的看法。本研究發現，相較於漢人選區的婦女保障名額制度，在原住民選區中該制度效果相對有限，其效果主要在提供參選的誘因。傳統習俗雖限制女性候選人參與部分傳統節慶活動的機會，但來自宗族的阻礙的減少，也使得女性更有機會參選，若能獲得宗族支持，更有機會贏得選舉。同時，原住民選區的競選採取的是社區動員策略，需積極的一票一票去拜會選民，教會也是重要的競選場合，若為非基督徒的候選人，減少了能夠接觸選民的機會，而能夠講族語對拓展選民的支持基礎也有助益。整體而言，宗族與部落政治形塑了原住民選舉的獨特樣貌，這也使其與漢人選舉呈現出顯著的不同。

In both Han and Indigenous electoral constituencies, the proportion of women elected to city and county councils has shown a steady upward trend. While female candidates from both groups encounter comparable challenges during their campaigns, significant differences remain. This exploratory study seeks to identify and analyze the key factors that influence Indigenous women’s candidacies in local council elections. Drawing on qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, this paper focuses on the recruitment processes of Indigenous female candidates, the structural and cultural barriers and opportunities encountered during electoral campaigns, and the candidates’perspectives on women’s participation in the political sphere. Findings indicate that, in contrast to the female reserved seat system implemented in Han constituencies, the effectiveness of such mechanisms in Indigenous districts is relatively constrained, functioning primarily as an incentive for candidacy rather than a guarantee of representation. Although traditional customs may limit female candidates’participation in certain ceremonial or cultural activities, the decreasing resistance from clan structures has opened up greater space for women to engage in electoral politics. Notably, candidates who secure support from their clan networks are more likely to achieve electoral success. Electoral mobilisation in Indigenous constituencies tends to rely on an outreach strategy, involving face-to-face engagement with individual voters. Religious institutions, particularly churches, serve as critical venues for campaign activities. However, non-Christian candidates may find their outreach capacities restricted due to limited access to these communal platforms. Furthermore, proficiency in Indigenous languages has been found to enhance candidates’ability to broaden their support base among voters.
Overall, the dynamics of clan and tribal politics significantly shape the distinctive features of Indigenous elections, underscoring the structural divergences from electoral practices observed in Han constituencies.