歐盟難民危機之挑戰與因應

Refugees Crisis to the European Union: Challenges and Response

移民與尋求庇護的難民遷徙，在歐洲數百年來留下漫長歷史足跡，本文探討發生於2014年至2019年間的歐洲難民潮事件，對歐盟治理與歐洲社會所造成的重大危機。藉由制度研究途徑與文獻資料分析的方法，本文試圖了解難民潮發生的成因及數量龐大的難民對歐洲的衝擊，並就德國採取大量收容難民的政策，對於歐盟成員國政治與社會變化，進一步分析比較在危機發生的前後，關於歐盟難民政策的差異。
本文分析歐洲難民潮與影響、歐盟因應難民危機的對策與改變，包括歐盟難民政策的調整，以及與周邊國家合作，並探討難民問題的前景與變數。本文最後指出，歐盟在成立初期並未有因應大量難民事件的政策與制度，僅有《都柏林公約》的規範為依據，在經歷難民潮的危機之後，雖能因制度變革而有效化解，但在中長期的制度設計與執行，仍須考量潛在變數，方能維持歐盟體系之穩定。

The movement of migrants and asylum seekers had marked the footprints in hundreds history of Europe. This article focus on the refugee flows between 2014 to 2019 which have caused a tremendous crisis to the European Union governance and European society. By the institutional research and literature review, the article writer is seeking to find the reason of the refugee crisis in EU and the open policy from Germany, the changes to the member states and the changes in Europe.
This article pays attention on the impact of the refugee crisis, the political policy and regulation adjustment made by EU authorities. As well as the policy of the deal between EU to the neighbor countries and the future of this issue. Since the EU did not aware huge amount of asylum seekers problem may occur, lack of the institution and regulation but only conducted by the Dublin Convention, EU has changed its migrant policy to solve urgent situation. EU should watch the potential variables for mid and long term programs in order to keep the EU system may stable and well.