日本推動地方創生制度與四個個案的分析

Local Revitalization in Japan and Analysis of Four Case Studies

日本全國總人口在2007年到2008年間達到二戰之後的高峰，但自此該國人口總數急速反轉；而且在進入「少子又高齡」社會的趨勢下，預估在2040年期間，人口將難以保住1億人門檻。為此，安倍晉三內閣制定一系列的人口政策，以維持該國人口基盤，作為日本未來國際競爭的基礎。此外，因為日本偏鄉縣份人口持續流失、青壯年人口遞漸遷移到都市地區，造成「東京一極集中」、地方經濟式微，日本內閣於2014年提出「地方創生」政策，試圖翻轉偏鄉頹勢，以恢復地方生機。
本文就日本推動地方創生的緣起與制度進行簡要討論，並輔以四個個案來分析，期能透過本文的研究與介紹，提供我國後續推動地方創生政策的參考。

The total population of Japan between 2007 and 2008 reached its peak after World War II, but since then the total Japanese population has declined rapidly. In view of the issues ''A Declining Birthrate and the Increasing Aging Population'', it is estimated that the Japanese population in 2040 will be increased to more than 100 million people. Therefore, Shinzo Abe’s cabinet formulated a series of population policies to maintain Japan’s basic population structure in years to come so as to be competitive in foreign markets. In addition, due to the continued population decline in rural areas in Japan and the gradual migration of young and middle-aged populations to urban areas, resulting in the extreme concentration of the national population in the Tokyo metropolitan area and the industrial decline in local economy. For this reason, the Japanese cabinet formulates a strategic policy to promote the local revitalization in 2014 trying to help Japan to boost rural vitalization.
This article discusses about the origins and systems of Japan's promotion of local revitalization, supplemented with analysis of four case studies, and the writer hopes that the analysis will serve as a reference for the Government of the Republic of China to formulate local revitalization promotion policies in Taiwan.