「超學科研究」對公共治理的應用價值與挑戰：系統性文獻評述

The Value and Challenges of Applying“Transdisciplinary Research” to Public Governance: A Systematic Literature Review

「超學科研究」（transdisciplinary research）日益受到學術界和實務界的重視，該途徑適用於緩解民主國家中日益複雜的大型公共問題。但弔詭的是，「科學與實務落差」的觀點，早即指出科學界與實務社群或政策制定者之間存在某種分歧。從學科本質或屬性來看，國內公共政策／治理領域殊少採取此一研究途徑。此外，既有的華語文獻也罕見這類相關評述。作者因而試圖填補這類文獻上闕漏。在此背景下，本研究關懷的問題是：超學科研究試圖融入學術與非學術的利害關係人，但不同學科或知識藩籬真的那麼容易橫越，從而滿足我們對複雜政策問題緩解的樂觀期待？因此，本研究的主要目的有二：第一，釐清超學科研究的核心特徵與執行挑戰；第二，連結超學科研究與公共政策／治理，嘗試就兩者之間的潛在關連性進行一些文獻上的辨證，從而提出一些研究反思。本研究提出兩項主要看法：第一，超學科研究與公共政策／治理領域中的重要學派與觀點明顯是互通的，前者可以作為後者探索經驗世界的一項重要方法論與方法。第二，超學科研究和公共政策／治理領域中多數研究途徑的關鍵差異，可能主要表現在：研究計畫核心成員跨／超學科的組成／參與之幅度、利害關係人之間對研究問題與成果的「共同設計」之程度，以及研究產出是否真正做到知識「合產」、「共創」和有效緩解大型政策問題之目標。

“Transdisciplinary research”is gaining increasing attention in both academic and practical circles as an approach suitable for addressing increasingly complex large-scale public issues in democratic nations. Paradoxically, however, the“science-practice gap”perspective has long highlighted a disconnect between the scientific community and practitioners or policymakers. Given the nature or attributes of the discipline, this research approach is rarely adopted in the field of public policy/governance within Taiwan. Furthermore, existing Chinese-language literature seldom includes relevant discussions on this topic. The author therefore seeks to address this gap in the literature. Against this backdrop, the central question of this study is: While transdisciplinary research seeks to integrate academic and non-academic stakeholders, are disciplinary or epistemic boundaries truly so easily traversed that they can fulfill our optimistic expectations for mitigating complex policy challenges? Consequently, this study has two primary objectives: First, to clarify the core characteristics and implementation challenges of transdisciplinary research; Second, to connect transdisciplinary research with public policy/governance, attempting to engage in a literature-based dialectic on their potential connections, thereby proposing research reflections. This study advances two main insights: First, transdisciplinary research and major schools of thought/perspectives within public policy/governance are clearly interrelated; the former can serve as an important methodological approach for the latter in exploring the empirical world. Second, the key distinctions between most research approaches in transdisciplinary studies and public policy/governance may primarily manifest in: the extent of trans/interdisciplinary composition/participation among core research team members; the degree of“co-design”of research questions and outcomes among stakeholders; and whether research outputs genuinely achieve knowledge“co-production,”“co-creation,”and effectively mitigate large-scale policy challenges.