都會區電梯地震衝擊風險模式開發與應用：以臺北市為例

Development of a Seismic Impact Risk Model for Elevators in Metropolitan Areas: A Case Study of Taipei City

隨著全球城市快速發展與人口密度提升，電梯已成為高密度都會區中居民日常生活不可或缺的設施。由於都市人口持續增加、可開發土地減少，住宅與商辦大樓林立，電梯需求同步上升，不僅提升樓宇通行效率，也增進無障礙可及性。然而，地震對電梯系統的損壞已成為潛在的人身安全威脅，可能導致乘客受困。有鑑於相關救災案件逐年上升，歷次強震事件顯示，台灣、美國、日本等國家皆發生大量電梯失效且人員受困的通報紀錄，突顯震後迅速掌握電梯失效情況對於應變救援決策之重要性。本研究提出一套模擬與分析流程，首先根據建構建築物模型，結合建物屬性（樓地板面積、建造年代、樓層數等參數）進行建築物建模與住宅和非住宅電梯數量推估，並在模擬地震條件下，採用建物易損性曲線及建物損壞引致電梯失效率分析，推估電梯停用數量，最終透過三維建物模型進行視覺化呈現，鎖定建物電梯衝擊高風險區域。本研究以臺北市萬華區為示範例，所提方法具通用性，可應用於其他地區，分析結果可作為地方政府地震災害整備與應變之重要參考依據。

With the rapid development of global cities and increasing population density, elevators have become an essential part of daily life in high-density urban areas. As urban populations continue to grow and developable land becomes scarce, the construction of residential and commercial high-rise buildings has surged, resulting in a parallel increase in elevator demand. Elevators not only improve vertical circulation efficiency but also enhance accessibility for people with mobility challenges. However, seismic events pose a significant threat to elevator systems, often leading to operational failures and passenger entrapment. As reported rescue incidents related to elevator entrapments have risen over the years, past major earthquakes in Taiwan, the United States, and Japan have recorded numerous elevator malfunctions and entrapments, underscoring the importance of rapid post-earthquake assessment of elevator failures for effective emergency response and decision-making. This study proposes an integrated simulation and analysis framework for post-earthquake elevator failure risk assessment. Building models are developed using property attributes—including floor area, construction year, and number of stories—to estimate the number of elevators in both residential and non-residential buildings. Under simulated earthquake conditions, building fragility curves and elevator failure rates induced by structural damage are used to estimate the number of out-of-service elevators. Finally, a 3D building visualization platform is employed to identify high-risk areas for potential elevator entrapment. Wanhua District is selected as a demonstration case. The proposed methodology is designed with general applicability and can be extended to other urban regions. The results provide valuable reference data for local governments in earthquake disaster preparedness and emergency response planning.