敘事治療介入足球運動員無力經驗之探究

An exploration of narrative therapy intervention into football players’experiences of powerlessness

目的：運動員在競技生涯中可能因技術不足、傷病或環境限制而經歷無力感，而能成功克服者相對較少。在臺灣，運動員普遍面臨資源不足與支持系統薄弱的挑戰，使得無力感的影響更加深遠。因此，本研究旨在探討敘事治療如何介入並緩解足球運動員的無力感，協助其建立心理韌性。方法：本研究採用立意抽樣方式，邀請三名足球運動員參與，以半結構式深度訪談收集資料，並運用敘事治療的外化技術設計訪談大綱。受訪者透過敘述自身生命故事與競技經歷，分享其無力感的產生與應對歷程。每位受訪者接受二至三次訪談，每次約90分鐘。本研究運用敘事分析法中的「整體-內容」取向進行資料分析，以探討敘事治療如何幫助運動員重新理解自身經驗，轉化無力感並維持競技動機。結果：運動員的無力感主要來自技術不足、身材條件、環境限制及隊友的不友善互動。然而，家庭的支持、隊友的信任與互助，以及比賽中的成就感，是運動員克服無力狀態的關鍵因素。透過敘事治療的介入，運動員能夠重新詮釋無力感，轉化其對自我的負面敘述，建構更具韌性的心理框架。本研究強調敘事治療在運動心理學中的應用價值，並建議教練、家長及相關運動機構導入敘事治療技巧，以強化運動員的心理支持系統。

Purpose: Athletes may experience a sense of helplessness throughout their competitive careers due to technical deficiencies, injuries, or environmental constraints, with only a minority successfully overcoming these challenges. In Taiwan, athletes often face insufficient resources and weak support systems, which exacerbate the impact of helplessness. Therefore, this study aims to explore how narrative therapy can intervene to alleviate the sense of helplessness among soccer players and assist them in developing psychological resilience. Methods: This study adopted a purposive sampling method and invited three soccer players to participate. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, with interview guidelines designed based on the externalization techniques of narrative therapy. Participants narrated their life stories and competitive experiences, sharing the emergence of their helplessness and their coping mechanisms. Each participant underwent two to three interview sessions, each lasting approximately 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using the holistic-content approach within narrative analysis to examine how narrative therapy helps athletes reframe their experiences, transform their sense of helplessness, and maintain their motivation for competition. Results: The findings indicate that athletes' sense of helplessness primarily stems from technical deficiencies, physical attributes, environmental constraints, and unsupportive interactions with teammates. However, family support, trust and mutual assistance among teammates, and a sense of accomplishment in competitions serve as key factors in overcoming helplessness. Through narrative therapy interventions, athletes were able to reinterpret their sense of helplessness, transform negative self-narratives, and construct more resilient psychological frameworks. The study highlights the application value of narrative therapy in sports psychology and suggests that coaches, parents, and relevant sports organizations integrate narrative therapy techniques to strengthen athletes' psychological support systems.