社會住宅政策下高齡居住需求問題之探討

A Study on Elderly Housing Needs under the Social Housing Policy in Taiwan

隨著我國邁入超高齡社會，越來越多高齡者面臨租屋歧視與缺乏家庭支持的居住困境，現行社會住宅政策雖將高齡者納入保障對象，惟尚未建構具針對性的制度與配套資源。本文旨在了解高齡者實質的居住需求與社會住宅政策回應高齡居住需求上的不足與挑戰，並提出具體可行之政策改善方向，從而建構出更完善的高齡居住保障政策。
為了深入了解高齡者在租期穩定、空間設計與社福整合方面之需求與困境，本文結合制度分析與對雙北地區四處社會住宅之問卷調查進行探討。調查結果顯示，高齡住戶普遍重視空間適住性，且多數高齡者表達對居住年限限制與家庭續住安排感到不安，並期望能有延長租期與終身續住的機會。在社會福利面向上，高齡者對社區健康促進、心理支持與社交活動上表現出高度期待，惟現行服務供給與設施分布明顯不足。
建議未來應建立高齡者專屬配額制度與續住保障機制，鬆綁現行租期年限規定，並於社會住宅納入無障礙與通用化設計原則，提供社會福利服務與空間，與社會福利機關、非營利組織合作導入健康管理與心理支持機制，使社會住宅除了提供居住空間外，更提供支撐高齡者身心健康與生活尊嚴的全方位資源，以真正實踐高齡者居住權之保障。

As Taiwan enters a super-aged society, an increasing number of elderly individuals face housing discrimination and lack family support, making their living conditions more vulnerable. While current social housing policies include the elderly as eligible tenants, they lack targeted systems and resources to meet their specific needs. This study explores elderly housing demands, identifies policy gaps, and proposes feasible improvements. Through institutional analysis and a questionnaire survey of four social housing communities in Taipei and New Taipei City, key challenges are found in rental stability, spatial suitability, and welfare access. Elderly tenants value age-friendly design and express concern over limited lease terms and the lack of tenancy rights for cohabiting family members. Many hopes for extended or lifelong rental options. There is also strong demand for community-based services, such as health promotion, psychological support, and social engagement, yet current services remain insufficient. The study recommends implementing elderly-specific quotas and rental protections, relaxing current tenancy duration limits, applying universal design principles, and institutionalizing welfare services within housing sites. It also highlights the importance of partnerships with welfare agencies and non-profits to establish on-site support systems. Social housing should evolve into a supportive, dignified living environment that ensures elderly residents' rights to secure and adequate housing.