強姦迷思的證據法反思

強姦迷思是對強姦行為或被害人通常行為反應所形成的錯誤或片面的看法，在我國刑事司法實務中亦普遍存在。強姦迷思在事實推論過程中發揮了“概括”的作用，在很大程度上影響了強姦案件能否獲得追訴和定罪。對概括正當性的審查應當結合事實和價值兩個層面的判斷。在刑事司法制度中反對強姦迷思適用的主要理由是:就事實層面而言，現實世界中的強姦行為和被害人的行為反應具有多樣性，認為強姦行為及被害人的反應僅存在一種典型模式的觀點是錯誤的。就價值層面而言，強姦迷思的生成和傳播是傳統社會父權制權力結構的產物，體現了性別不平等的價值。在證據法領域對強姦迷思進行規制，不宜採取證據排除規則的規制方法，而適宜採用推論限制規則和概括解釋規則的形式，謹慎地界定所禁止推論的範圍，以防止過度損害證據的證明價值。

Rape myths refer to erroneous or partial views about rape behaviors or victim responses, which are prevalent in China's criminal justice practice. These myths often play a“generalization”role in factual inference processes, significantly affecting whether rape cases are prosecuted and convicted. In evaluating the legitimacy of generalizations, both factual and value judgments are necessary. Factually, rape behaviors and victim responses are diverse in the real world, and the notion that there is a single typical pattern is incorrect. From a value perspective, rape myths stem from traditional patriarchal power structures, reflecting gender inequality. In evidence law, addressing rape myths should not rely on exclusionary rules, which might excessively undermine the evidential value. Instead, inference limitation rules and generalization interpretation rules should be used to carefully define the scope of prohibited inferences, ensuring that the probative value of evidence is not unduly compromised.