歐盟單一經濟體原則的基本屬性及其適用應對——以國企參與海外並購為視角

The Nature of the EU’s Single Economy Entity Doctrine and Its Path of Response

國企參與歐盟轄區的合併交易面臨著以單一經濟體原則為基礎的競爭審查，如何應對此種審查成為合併交易能否成功的關鍵。歐盟單一經濟體原則兼具域外管轄和合併審查的基本屬性，且基於管轄的功能主義方法直接被合併審查規則承繼。作為處理管轄的法律工具，該原則在邏輯推導和責任歸結層面皆存在不足。而且，應用該原則管轄合併的同時，需要以遺漏單一經濟體內部企業的控制變動為代價，因為此種變動被視為同一控制下的內部重組。國企在應對該原則時應該利用其存在的規則缺陷，首先以合併申報消解管轄效應。中國還應明確域外管轄的原則和方法，為對等措施供給法律和制度的基礎。此外，國企獨立經營的競爭合規體系建設也應該成為應對單一經濟體原則的必要舉措。

When Chinese state-owned enterprises participate in merger transactions in EU, they face competition review based on single economy entity doctrine. How to deal with such review becomes the key to the success of merger transactions. The EU single economy entity doctrine has both the basic functions of extraterritorial jurisdiction and merger review, and the jurisdiction-based functionalist approach is directly inherited by merger review rules. As a legal tool for dealing with jurisdiction, the principle is problematic in terms of both logical structure and legal liability. Moreover, the application of the principle to govern consolidation requires the omission of changes in the control of enterprises within a single economy entity, since such changes are considered internal reorganizations under the same control. State-owned enterprises should make use of the defects of this doctrine and first dissolve the jurisdiction effect with declaration. China should also clarify the principles and methods of extraterritorial jurisdiction to provide legal and institutional basis for reciprocal measures. In addition, the construction of a competition compliance system for state-owned enterprises to operate independently should also become necessary measure.