外空資源開發利用國際規則的新發展與我國應對

New Developments of International Rules for the Exploitation and Utilization of Outer Space Resources and China’s Response

當前外空資源開發利用面臨新形勢和新挑戰，相關國際規則已進入建構的關鍵期。外空資源開發利用國際規則存在三個特點：一是形式新，硬法和軟法並行可能是規則制定的未來發展趨向；二是內容新，聯合國外空委、海牙外空資源工作組等分別從國際社會整體、行業發展等角度提出一系列創新要素；三是方法新，“適應性規制”的方法得到更多運用。我國作為新興航天大國，應積極參與外空資源開發利用國際規則制定，為確保我國外空資源活動順利開展，應對各方活動衝突、資源權利不確定、利益分配不公平、潛在環境污染等共同挑戰，未來我國參與相關國際規則制定的基本取向應為：以人類命運共同體理念為指引，立足我國立場審視和評價相關外空法基本原則，硬法和軟法並用，提供具體的國際規則方案，強化我國國內立法能力建設。

At present, the development and utilization of outer space resources are facing new situations and challenges, and the construction of relevant international rules has entered a critical period. Through sorting out the new development trend of international rules on the exploitation and utilization of outer space resources, we find that there are three new characteristics: firstly, the form is new, and the parallelism between hard law and soft law may be the development trend of future rule-making; secondly, the content is new, and the United Nations Committee on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and the Hague Working Group on Outer Space Resources have put forward a series of innovative elements from the perspective of the international community as a whole and the industrial development; thirdly, the method is new, with the method of“adaptive regulation”being utilized more often. As a new space power, China has urgent demands in formulating international rules for the development and utilization of outer space resources. In order to ensure the smooth development of China’s outer space resources activities and to solve common challenges such as conflicting activities of various parties, uncertainty of resource rights, unfair distribution of benefits and potential environmental pollution, China’s participation in formulating relevant international rules should be guided by the vision of building a community of a shared future for mankind, and the basic principles of relevant outer space laws should be reviewed and evaluated based on China’s position. In terms of specific strategies, China should make use of both hard and soft laws, propose specific international rules, and strengthen China’s domestic legislative capacity building.