聯合國“保護責任”對預防暴行罪的制度性貢獻與中國的作用

The Institutional Contributions of the UN R2P to Prevent Atrocity Crimes and China’s Role

根據聯合國大會《世界首腦會議成果》的定義，“暴行罪”包括滅絕種族罪、戰爭罪、族裔清洗罪和危害人類罪。聯合國通過集體安全機制承諾保護各國人民免遭暴行罪侵害，該原則被稱為“保護責任”。經過近20年的探索，“保護責任”及其核心三大支柱已成為聯合國人權與法治體系的重要組成部分，並在預防暴行罪中發揮著不可替代的作用。中國作為國際秩序的堅定維護者和重要建設者，是聯合國推動人權、法治、和平、安全和可持續發展進程的積極倡導者。中國應支持聯合國實現“保護責任”的規範化、法律化，必要時協助安理會根據《聯合國憲章》加強平民保護、限制武力濫用，實現“負責任的保護”。

As defined in the 2005 United Nations World Summit Outcome and the Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes, atrocity crimes include genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. Based on its collective security system, the United Nations has committed itself to protecting global commons from atrocity crimes, a principle known as the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). After 20 years of exploration, R2P and its three core pillars have become an important part of the United Nations human rights and rule of law system, playing an irreplaceable role in atrocity crimes prevention. As a staunch defender and important builder of the post-war international order, China an active advocate of the United Nations in promoting human rights, rule of law, peace, security and sustainable development. China should support the United Nations in the standardization and legalization of R2P and, when necessary, assist the United Nations Security Council in strengthening the protection of civilians, limiting the indiscriminate use of force in accordance with the United Nations Charter, to achieve“Responsible Protection”.