跨國公司參與對俄制裁的現狀及法律風險

The Current Situation and Legal Risks of Multinational Corporations Participating in Sanctions Against Russia

俄烏衝突引發以美國為首的西方國家對俄羅斯實施“極限制裁'''並且使得大量跨國公司不同程度地脫離俄羅斯市場，形成跨國公司參與制裁的新現象。按照跨國公司對俄制裁的參與程度，其參與行為表現為完全撤離、中止經營、縮減規模、暫緩投資，但也有無明顯參與行為繼續在俄羅斯經營的企業。無論跨國公司對俄制裁的參與程度如何，在本輪對俄制裁的浪潮中都面臨著複雜的法律風險，即參與對俄制裁的跨國公司存在俄羅斯反制裁的風險和違反人權保護的風險；不參與對俄制裁的跨國公司面臨著母國制裁和美國次級制裁的風險。有鑑於此，我國企業應當在合規時進行多因素考量，並加強合規建設和合同設計，我國應當完善反制栽法律體系中公民訴權以及對外國制裁參與行為的界定，並合理利用不可靠實體清單，對跨國公司參與制裁的行為進行威懾。

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has triggered the implementation of maximum sanctions on Russia by Western countries led by the United States, and has caused a large number of multinational companies to break away from or alienate the Russian market to varying degrees, forming a new phenomenon of multinational companies participating in sanctions. According to the degree of participation of multinational companies in sanctions against Russia, their participation behaviors include withdrawal, suspension, scaling-down, pausing investment. But there are also enterprises that continue to operate in Russia without obvious participation. Regardless of the degree of participation of multinational companies in sanctions against Russia, they are facing complex legal risks in this wave of sanctions against Russia, that is, multinational companies participating in sanctions against Russia have the risk of Russian anti-sanctions and violation of humanitarian protection, while multinational companies that do not participate in sanctions against Russia are also facing the risk of home country sanctions and secondary sanctions by the United States. In view of this, Chinese enterprises should be inspired to consider multiple factors when complying with regulations, and strengthen compliance construction and contract design, and China should also improve the definition of citizens’right of action and foreign sanctions’participation in foreign sanctions in the anti-sanctions legal system, and make reasonable use of the unreliable entity list to deter multinational companies’participation in sanctions.