非涉外編程序規則在國際民事訴訟中的適用——《民事訴訟法》第270條第2句的教義學闡釋

Application of the Rules of the Non-Foreign-Related Parts of the Civil Procedure Law in International Civil Litigation：The Doctrinal Interpretation of the Second Sentence of Article 270 of the Civil Procedure Law

立法者將需要特別處理的涉外程序問題規定於涉外編，而對於無須特別處理的涉外程序問題，借由《民事訴訟法》第270條第2句指引法官適用非涉外編程序規則，這一做法大致合理。但應予明確的是，《民事訴訟法》第270條第2句為實質意義上的概括性准用條款。法官依該規則將非涉外編程序規則適用於涉外程序問題時，應遵循准用的法理，妥當行使司法裁量權，必要時應變通適用非涉外編程序規則。在多數情況下，變通適用意味著非涉外編程序規則雖可適用於涉外程序問題，但法官在必要時需要對程序規則的規範要件或法律效果作出變通處理。對非涉外編程序規則的規範要件和法律效果是否作出以及如何作出變通處理，在國際民事訴訟法上可以作為先決問題和適應問題。這兩類問題普遍存在於涉外司法的各個環節，法官應遵循適當的方法予以解決，從而合理地把握准用過程中的自由裁量權。

It is generally reasonable for legislators to provide for procedural issues that require special treatment in the foreign-related part of the Civil Procedure Law, and to direct judges to apply the rules of the non-foreign-related parts of the Civil Procedure Law. However, it should be made clear that the second sentence of Article 270 of the Civil Procedure Law is a general and referential provision in the substantive sense. Judges should exercise judicial discretion appropriately, and apply the non-foreign-related parts of the Civil Procedure Law mutatis mutandis to procedural issues involving foreign elements. In most instances, adaptation means that the non-foreign-related rules can be applied to foreign procedural issues, but judges should use appropriate methods to adapt the normative elements or legal effects of those rules if necessary􅖑which can be divided into preliminary matters and adaption matters in international civil litigation. These two kinds of matters can usually be found in the process of foreign-related justice, and judges should deal with the problems properly, in order to exercise judicial discretion appropriately when apply the rules mutatis mutandis.