論《對外關係法》中的對外援助條款

A Study on Foreign Aid Clause in the Foreign Relations Law

《對外關係法》專門設置對外援助條款是我國開展大國外交的客觀需求，也是堅持全面依法治國的內在要求和推動構建人類命運共同體的重要舉措。對外援助條款明確了我國對外援助的目標、要素和基本原則，並專款規定國際人道主義援助活動，具有宣示、補缺、引導、銜接等制度功能。鑒於《對外關係法》的政策法性質，對外援助條款存在可操作性、制度匹配、統籌協調等方面的適用局限。我國今後應通過研究制定對外援助專門法、單行法和配套法律法規，促進對外援助條款從“宣示功能”走向“實施效能”。

The Foreign Relations Law specifically sets up provision on foreign aid, which is an objective requirement for China to carry out diplomacy as a major country, an inherent requirement for adhering to comprehensive rule of law, and an important measure to promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind. The foreign aid clause stipulates the goals, elements, and basic principles of China’s foreign aid, and specifically sets up an independent paragraph to regulate international humanitarian aid activities, with institutional functions such as announcement, supplementation, guidance, and linkage. Given the policy law nature of the Foreign Relations Law, there are practical difficulties in the specific application of foreign aid clause, such as operability, institutional matching, and overall coordination. In future, China should formulate specialized law, separate law, and supporting laws and regulations on foreign aid to promote the transition from declaration function to implementation efficiency of foreign aid clause.