論外國民事裁判承認與執行中的公序良俗原則——以實體與程序的雙重意涵為中心

Public Order and Good Morals in the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Civil Judgments: Focus on the Dual Meanings of Substantive and Procedural Law

依2023年修正的《民事訴訟法》第299條、第300條第5項的規定，對於違背我國法律的基本原則或者損害國家主權、安全、社會公共利益的外國民事裁判，我國不予承認與執行。在解釋論上，這兩條屬我國對外國民事裁判承認與執行中公序良俗原則的規定。民事裁判承認與執行脈絡下的公序良俗僅指國內公序良俗，對其概念應做一元論的理解。根據實體內容與訴訟程序的不同，公序良俗可進一步區分為實體性公序良俗與程序性公序良俗。對於前者，法院可結合我國實體法中公序良俗類型化的理論與實踐依職權進行審查；對於後者，法院需重視保障當事人以“合法送達”為核心的受通知權，將程序性公序良俗的解釋擴張至程序基本權。此外，法院還需要平衡促進裁判流通與維護公序良俗這兩種價值，遵循形式審查原則、實體與程序相協同原則、謙抑原則。

According to Article 299 and Article 300 (5) of Civil Procedure Law of The People’s Republic of China (2023 Amendment), China shall refuse to recognize and enforce foreign civil judgments that violate the basic principles of the laws of The People’s Republic of China or damage the sovereignty, security, or public interest of the state. In terms of legal interpretation, these two articles belong to the legal provisions of public order and good morals in the recognition and enforcement of foreign civil judgments. Public order and good morals in the context of recognition and enforcement of foreign civil judgments refers only to domestic public order and good morals, and its concept must be understood in a way of monism. According to the difference between the substantive content and judicial proceedings, public policy and good morals can be further divided into substantive public policy and procedural public policy. As for the former, the court can examine it in accordance with the findings derived from both theoretical and practical aspects of public order and good morals within China’s substantive law. Regarding the latter, the court should prioritize safeguarding parties’right to be notified through“legal service”as its core focus, while also expanding the interpretation of procedural public order and good morals to encompass procedural fundamental rights. Furthermore, it is essential for the court to strike a balance between promoting judgment circulation and upholding public order and good morals by adhering to principles such as formal review, coordination between substance and procedure, as well as modesty.