地方國際商事法庭制度設計:挑戰與前景

Institution Designing of China’s Local International Commercial Tribunals: Challenges and Prospects

隨著“一帶一路”倡議的推進，我國設立了包括最高人民法院和各地中級人民法院下轄的國際商事法庭。兩個層次國際商事法庭的設立，無疑為“一帶一路”建設中不斷湧現的涉外商事爭端提供了新的制度性公共產品。然而，相對於前者，後者的制度設計尚存在諸多問題。地方國際商事法庭專屬制度供給缺失，尤其是現行涉外民事訴訟制度對國際商事爭端解決存在較多掣肘之處，不能滿足地方國際商事法庭解決爭端的需要。可以適當借鑒以新加坡國際商事法庭為代表的域外經驗，結合國際商事爭端解決機制的發展趨勢及我國實際情況，調整部分涉外民事訴訟理念，完善涉外民事訴訟制度，創新與地方國際商事法庭相適應的專屬制度，優化地方國際商事法庭的外部環境，進一步增強其靈活性和開放性，提升我國的國際司法形象，保障地方國際商事法庭發揮應有功能。

With the advancement of the“the Belt and Road”initiative, China has established international commercial tribunals under the jurisdiction of the Supreme People’s Court and certain local intermediate people’s courts. The establishment of two levels of international commercial tribunals undoubtedly provides a new institutional public product for solving foreign-related commercial disputes arising from the construction of“the Belt and Road”. However, compared to the former, the latter has still exhibited quite a few problems in terms of the institutional design. This article reviews the institutional design of local international commercial tribunals and relevant legal systems in China, especially the system of foreign-related civil and commercial litigation. In order to fully leverage its role, it is recommended to draw on the successful practice of international commercial dispute resolution mechanisms, especially the institutional design of the Singapore International Commercial Court, and redefine some concepts of foreign-related civil and commercial litigation systems in light of international trends and actual situations, further enhancing flexibility and openness. On the basis of optimizing and innovating systems, it is recommended to enhance the international judicial image and expand the path of extraterritorial recognition and enforcement of judgments with a view to enabling local international commercial tribunals to function as they should.