農村集體經濟組織與集體土地所有權關係的現代化重構

Modernization Reconstruction of the Relationship between Rural Collective Economic Organizations and Collective Land Ownership

自1999年《中華人民共和國憲法修正案》通過以來，農村集體經濟組織在我國的法秩序中從“類型化法律術語”轉變為“專用型法律概念”，但這一概念所指代的現實對應物一直模糊不清。《農村集體經濟組織法》致力於為農村集體經濟組織的重建和發展提供新的法律框架和制度保障，這一目標的實現，需要重構農村集體經濟組織與集體土地所有權的法律關係。為此，應當按照黨的二十屆三中全會提出的“發展新型農村集體經濟，構建產權明晰、分配合理的運行機制，賦予農民更加充分的財產權益”改革目標，著力打破“行政區劃型集體土地所有權”的理論藩籬和制度迷思，然後按照“經營性—非經營性”標準合理解釋《農村集體經濟組織法》的相關規定，從而最終建立農村集體經濟組織和農村基層群眾自治組織分別享有並行使部分集體土地所有權的法律制度。

Since the amendment of the Constitution in 1999,“rural collective economic organizations”have gradually changed from“typed legal terms”to“special legal concepts”in China’s legal system, but the actual counterpart of this concept has been vague. The Law on Rural Collective Economic Organizations is committed to providing a new legal framework and institutional guarantee for the reconstruction and development of rural collective economic organizations, but this legal goal can only be effectively realized by reconstructing the legal relationship between rural collective economic organizations and collective land ownership. First of all, we should follow the reform goal of“developing a new rural collective economy, building the clear property right and the reasonable distribution mechanism, and granting farmers more adequate property rights and intersts”proposed by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and strive to break the theoretical barriers and institutional myths of“collective land ownership based on administrative division type”. Then, the relevant provisions of the Law on Rural Collective Economic Organizations, should be reasonably interpreted according to the“operational or non-operational”standard, so as to finally establish the rural collective economic organization and the rural grassroots self-governing organization, respectively enjoying and exercising part of the collective land ownership Constitution interpretation.