農村集體經濟組織成員代表訴訟釋論

Interpretations on Representative Litigation by Members of Rural Collective Economic Organizations

集體成員代表訴訟是《農村集體經濟組織法》借鑒股東代表訴訟而設立的全新制度，對維護農村集體經濟組織及其成員的合法權益具有重要意義。集體成員代表訴訟適用於農村集體經濟組織理事會成員、監事會成員或者監事、主要經營管理人員，以及農村集體經濟組織外部人員侵害農村集體經濟組織合法權益的情形。集體成員提起代表訴訟須經過前置程序，但在緊急情況下，人民法院有權豁免該程序。集體成員代表訴訟的適格原告為10名以上具有完全民事行為能力的集體成員，適格被告為侵害農村集體經濟組織合法權益的理事會成員、監事會成員或者監事、主要經營管理人員及其他外部人員，農村集體經濟組織為輔助型無獨立請求權的第三人。在集體成員代表訴訟的案件審理中，管轄法院的確定、訴訟時效的適用、訴訟權利的限制、訴訟結果的效力及訴訟費用的承擔等，是需要重點關注的問題。

The collective member representative litigation is a novel legal institution established in the Law on Rural Collective Economic Organizations, modeled after shareholder representative litigation, which is of great significance for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural collective economic organizations and their members. This form of litigation is applicable to cases where members of the board of directors, board of supervisors, main operation and management personnel or supervisors of rural collective economic organizations, as well as external personnel of a rural collective economic organization infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of the organization. Although pre-litigation procedures are generally required before filing such actions, the people’s court may waive these requirements in case of urgency. The eligible plaintiff group must comprise at least ten members of the collective who possess full civil capacity, while the defendants are those responsible for the infringement, including board members, supervisory board members, supervisors, main operation and management personnel or external individuals. The rural collective economic organization itself is a supplementary third party without independent claims. During the trial, several critical issues demand attention, including the restrictions on litigation rights, the application of the statute of limitations, restrictions on litigation rights, the binding effect of the litigation outcome, and the allocation of legal costs.