刑法規範論證的客觀主義法哲學立場

刑法規範論證中常見的諸如違法性認識、法益標準、違法相對性、解釋觀念等問題實質上均是立場定位的問題。客觀主義立場堅持認為存在超越規範文本的獨立性評論依據，這也是法律論證遵循“客觀價值秩序”的法哲學根源。刑法規範論證是一個商談和促進共識的過程，是主體間性的妥協和共認。客觀價值貫穿於事實、證據與規範的穿梭中。實證主義支配下的法益論是一種“單向投射”，難以全面打通事實與規範的障礙。刑法父愛主義論力圖擺脫自由和工具之爭，但其基本立場決定了其無法掙脫“工具”性特徵。“自體惡”的非難性是刑法得以保持相對獨立性的根基，刑事犯與行政犯的界限不僅僅局限於“個人法益”，而是歸結為“規範違反”。社會相當性理論的重塑是解決出罪問題的重要路徑。現實司法已經在法律的可實現性、責任主義、期待可能、違法阻卻、主客體關係重建、家庭倫理的優先性等領域進行闡釋，可望理論進行體系化歸納和進一步發掘。

In criminal law normative argumentation, issues such as awareness of illegality, the standard of legal interests, relativity of illegality, and interpretive concepts fundamentally revolve around the question of positional stance. The objectivist stance asserts the existence of independent evaluative criteria beyond the normative text, rooted in the legal-philosophical foundation of“objective value order”in legal argumentation. Criminal law normative argumentation is a process of dialogue and consensus-building, representing intersubjective compromise and recognition. Objective value weaves through the interplay of facts, evidence, and norms. Under the dominance of positivism, the legal interest theory functions as a“unilateral projection,”failing to bridge the gap between facts and norms comprehensively. Criminal law paternalism attempts to transcend the debate between freedom and instrumentalism, but its foundational stance remains inherently tied to“instrumentality.”The condemnation of“inherent evil”serves as the cornerstone for the relative independence of criminal law. The distinction between criminal offenses and administrative offenses extends beyond“individual legal interests,”ultimately hinging on“normative violations.”Reshaping the theory of social adequacy is a critical pathway to resolving issues of exoneration. Practical jurisprudence has already provided interpretations in areas such as the enforceability of law, the principle of culpability, reasonable expectations, negation of unlawfulness, reconstruction of subject-object relationships, and the prioritization of family ethics. These advancements offer opportunities for theoretical systematization and further exploration.