論數字時代刑事證據的三元結構

隨著數字技術的發展，數字空間正在逐步“侵蝕”現實空間。刑事證據也因此面臨從傳統二元結構向三元結構轉移之趨勢。傳統二元結構下，言詞證據與實物證據二分，口供被視為證據之王;新二元結構下，傳統證據與電子數據二分，數字證據成為新的證據之王。證據生成空間的數字化形成了數字證據，證據移送、審查空間的數字化形成了傳統證據數字化，傳統證據、傳統證據數字化、數字證據並存呈現出新的三元結構，這會對現行證據審查原則、規則等造成顛覆性影響。在此背景下，刑事證據法有必要通過專門立法構建起穩定的體系框架，並以證據真實性、關聯性、合法性為基礎，梳理三元證據審查的共性規則和差異性規則，通過傳統證據、傳統證據數字化和數字證據的協調發展來形塑數字時代的刑事證據體系。

With the development of digital technology, the digital space is gradually“eroding”the real space. Therefore, criminal evidence is facing the trend of shifting from traditional binary structure to ternary structure. Under the traditional binary structure, verbal evidence and physical evidence are divided, and confession is regarded as the king of evidence. Under the new binary structure, traditional evidence and electronic data are divided, and digital evidence becomes the new king of evidence. The digitalization of evidence generation space forms digital evidence, and the digitalization of evidence transfer and review space forms the digitalization of traditional evidence. The coexistence of traditional evidence, traditional evidence digitization and digital evidence presents a new ternary structure, which will have a subversive impact on the existing evidence review principles and rules. In this context, it is necessary for criminal evidence law to build a stable system framework through special legislation, and on the basis of evidence authenticity, relevance and legitimacy, combing ternary evidence review common rules and difference rules, through the traditional evidence, traditional evidence digitization and digital evidence to shape the criminal evidence system of digital age.