人工智慧驅動之修復式司法──實務可行性與倫理省思

Restorative Justice Driven by Artificial Intelligence: Practical Feasibility and Ethical Reflections

台灣近年來之修法過程，不斷參照歐美等國之立法例，添加社區追蹤、社區輔助或社區矯正等設計並散見各類法規中，而修復式司法也是社區化刑事政策之一環，也同樣擴大適用於刑事司法及刑事司法以外之場域，並賦予法源依據；但隨著科技的發達，人工智慧（AI）迅速展現出強大的技術潛力，使強調對話溝通、文化謙抑性等承載傳統文化的修復式司法帶來了挑戰，AI技術迅速介入司法與社會治理領域，也引發一連串法律與倫理上之思考及辯論，雖然目前或許係以自然語言處理（NLP），有助於提升對話分析、情感偵測、多元翻譯等面向之質量，但可解釋AI（XAI）更是在人為介入決策上益顯非凡，不只讓當事人能更理解判斷的來源，也讓促進員、主持人或司法社工等輔助者可將AI建議納入人本判斷，而非完全依賴；同時，即便AI擬人化後，於啟蒙階段亦應訓練其學習何謂倫理，尚能實際參與學習「如何關心」，以結合人類之倫理判斷與AI技術的快速分析能力，進而達成「人．機」合作，使科技技術真正成為傳遞同理，而非消解人性的橋樑，追求一種更有正義感之法律實踐，並共同建構深具科技倫理意識的司法未來。

Taiwan's recent legislative amendments have consistently referenced the laws and regulations of Europe and the United States, adding community tracking, community support, and community corrections, and incorporating them into various statutes. Restorative justice, also a component of community-based criminal justice policy, has similarly expanded its application to both criminal justice and non-criminal justice settings, providing a legal basis. With the advancement of technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly demonstrated its immense potential, posing a challenge to restorative justice, which emphasizes dialogue, communication, culture, and humility, a core value of traditional culture. The rapid inroads of AI into the legal and social governance fields have also triggered a wave of legal and ethical reflection and debate. While Natural Language Processing (NLP) may currently be beneficial in improving the quality of conversation analysis, emotion detection, and multidimensional translation, Explainable AI (XAI) is proving increasingly effective in addressing human intervention in decision-making. It not only allows parties to better understand the source of judgments, but also allows facilitators, moderators, and judicial social workers to incorporate AI recommendations into their human-based judgments, rather than relying solely on them. Furthermore, even after AI is anthropomorphized, it should be trained in ethical concepts during its initial introductory phase, allowing it to participate in learning how to care. Combining human ethical judgment with the rapid analytical capabilities of AI technology will achieve a ''human-machine'' collaboration, enabling technology to truly become a bridge that conveys empathy rather than undermines humanity. Humans and machines should work together to pursue a more just legal practice and build a judicial future deeply grounded in technological ethics.