從臺灣四縣客家話聲調聲學分析再論五度標調法的人為主觀性

Revisiting the Subjectivity in the Five-Point Scale from the Acoustic Analyses of Tones in Taiwan Sixian Hakka

本研究首先介紹在聲調語言調值描寫時常用的五度標調法，隨後比較南、北四縣客家話單字調的傳統調查與聲學分析，從中歸納出其間的調值描寫差異，發現描寫差異均為低調域聲調。有鑑於此，本研究從生理限制、轉換公式，及人為主觀性等三個方面來闡釋這種調值描寫差異的現象。另外，為使五度標調法在使用上降低人為主觀性，本研究最後提出一套整合五度標調法與聲學分析的聲調調值描寫的折衷模式，期使單字調在區別彼此的同時，也更能反應出語音現實。

This study first introduced the five-point scale used for describing tone values in tone languages. Following that, this study compared the tonal values between traditional surveys and acoustic analyses conducted for both southern and northern Sixian Hakka, and showed that the descriptive difference of tone values existed between the two models, the tones in low register in particular. In view of this, this study attempted to explain the descriptive difference form the aspects of physiological restrictions in human voicing, transformation formulas in application, and the subjectivity in description. In addition, to reduce the descriptive subjectivity in applying the five-point scale, this study proposed an integrated model between traditional survey and acoustic analysis. By applying the toneme theory in autosegmental theory, this ecletic model not only kept the citation tones still distinguishable from one aonther, but enabled the descriptions of tonal values to be much closer to acoustic reality as well.