農地工廠土地利用變遷的空間型態與驅動力

The Spatial Patterns and Driving Forces of Land Use Changes in Farmland Factories

為瞭解農地工廠的空間型態與背後的驅動力，本研究以臺中市與彰化縣為例，探討三個研究問題：一、農地工廠土地利用變遷的空間型態是否存在地區差異；二、其變遷前後的土地利用現況為何；三、造成空間型態差異的主要驅動力。結果發現，新增農地工廠多占用農業使用土地，而農地工廠停止生產後，多轉為其他建築使用，僅約2~3成土地恢復為農業使用。至於臺中與彰化農地工廠空間型態存在的具體差異，專家訪談認為最主要的驅動力，可能為產品類型與產業結構，其次為政策因素、土地成本與廠商資本。綜合分析結果，本研究認為農地工廠變遷坵塊的尺寸與數量，與產業屬於上／下游，營運屬於穩定性／暫時性有關，並以此歸納出一張象限圖。本研究除建立更多農地工廠的瞭解外，亦回饋產業用地規劃與未登記工廠輔導之相關政策，建議主管機關提供更具彈性且可負擔的產業用地，以滿足產業發展中的暫時性需求，維護國土發展秩序。

This study aims to understand the spatial patterns of farmland factories and their driving forces behind land uses. It explores three research questions using Taichung City and Changhua County as examples: first, whether there are regional differences in the spatial patterns of land use changes in farmland factories; second, what are the changes of land utilization before the farmland factory plots appear and after reconversion; third, what are the driving factors causing differences in spatial patterns. This study first investigates the changes of farmland conversion in the two counties from 2008 to 2021, and then expert interviews are conducted to clarify the possible driving forces that contribute to the different spatial change patterns.
The results show that most newly increased farmland factories occupied the lands of original agricultural usage. As the farmland factories ceased manufacturing, these lands mostly transited into building usage. And only 20%-30% of the farmland factory conversional area reverted to agricultural usage. As for the different spatial patterns in Taichung City and Changhua County, experts think the primary driving force behind this condition is likely to be the types of products and the industrial structure. Policy factors, land costs, and firm capital are the secondary driving forces. In summary, this study concludes that the number and size of the usage-changed plots are influenced by the factors such as the industry’s position in the supply chain and the stability or temporariness of its operation. Besides, these findings are summarized in a quadrant diagram. Finally, it is recommended to offer more flexible and affordable industrial land options to meet the temporary needs and maintain the order of land development.