從懺悔、告白到貞潔的靈性鬥爭：傅柯論早期基督教思想的真理體制

The Spiritual Combat from Penance, Confession to Virginity: Foucault on the System of Truth in Early Christian Thought

文章將論述晚期傅柯的早期基督教思想研究，主要分成三個部分。首先，在1980年《活人治理》課程，傅柯展開了以主體性為核心的「真理體制」概念，這概念改變了他研究早期基督教思想的方式。有別於過去成熟權力體制的考古學，傅柯重新思考真理話語的系譜學，試圖描述主體身處於權力關係中成為一名倫理的行動者，跳脫於知識與權力配置關係，從而考據早期基督教思想如何透過主體性形式的真理彰顯來治理人間。其次，在《性史》第四冊《肉身的告白》中，傅柯從教父的靈性書寫歸納出真理話語的主體化論述，從懺悔的外在行為、告白的言說自我檢驗到悔改的轉化，這不僅表達了靈魂的自我關懷，而且建立於一種「靈性鬥爭」的真理體制，主體為真理的彰顯必須無限地敞開自己內心的秘密。最後，本文將探究「貞潔」的靈性概念，它有別於世俗哲學的禁慾思想，傅柯將此真理彰顯的純潔性視為一種真理主體化的系譜學，從中表達他與西方哲學傳統對主體性哲學的分歧。

This tri-partite article explores Michel Foucault’s late research on early Christian thought. First, in his 1980 lecture series On the Government of the Living, Foucault introduced the concept of“regime of truth”centered on subjectivity, shifting his approach from the archaeology of power to the genealogy of truth discourses. He examined how individuals, as ethical agents, are governed through truth manifesting in forms of subjectivity within power relations. Second, in The History of Sexuality, Volume 4: Confessions of the Flesh, Foucault analyzed early Christian practices such as confession, self-examination, and repentance, framing them as processes of subjectivation where the subject infinitely opens their inner self in spiritual“struggles”for truth. Finally, the article investigates the concept of chastity, contrasting it with secular asceticism. Foucault regarded its purity as a genealogical manifestation of truth in subjectivation and made clear his own philosophical divergence from traditional Western philosophy on subjectivity.