英日韓二語學習者對於漢語副詞「也」之習得探究

Acquisition of the Chinese Adverb Yě‘Also’by L1-English, L1-Japanese, and L1-Korean Learners of Chinese as a Second Language

華語「也」為副詞，常出現於句中，用來表示「類同」、「列舉」或「補充」等語意。其對應詞包括英語的also或and，日語的mata（また）與mo（も），以及韓語的do（도）與tto（또）。在華語語內系統中，與「也」意義和用法相近的副詞包含「又」、「還」和「都」。本文透過分析「華語文能力測驗學習者語料庫」（TOCFL Learner Corpus）中的偏誤語料，旨在探討華語學習者書寫中與「也」相關的偏誤類型。分析結果顯示，母語為英語、日語和韓語的三組學習者在使用「也」時，「誤加」為最常見的偏誤類型，其次為「誤選」，第三則為「遺漏」。由於「也」可作為連接副詞，與英、日、韓語中的對應詞具有類似功能，學習者可能會錯誤地遷移母語知識，導致出現大量偏誤；另一方面，學習者在區辨「也」與語內近義詞的困難，也可能導致偏誤的產生。此外，「也」常出現在「不但……（而且）……也……」與「連……也／都……」等結構中，而學習者在此類結構中常有遺漏「也」的現象。本文透過對「也」及其在英語、日語與韓語中對應詞的對比分析，探討學習者的母語背景與語內近義詞如何影響其對「也」的使用。研究結果有助於深化對以英語、日語或韓語為母語之華語學習者習得「也」的理解。

In Mandarin Chinese, yěfunctions as an adverb conveying meanings of similarity, enumeration, and addition. Its equivalents include also and and in English, mata (また) and mo (も) in Japanese, and do (도) and tto (또) in Korean. Intralingually, yěoverlaps with synonymous adverbs, such as yòu, hái, and dōu, adding to its complexity. In the Chinese language system, adverbs similar in meaning and usage to ''yě'' include ''yòu,'' ''hái,'' and ''dōu.'' This study analyzes error data from the TOCFL Learner Corpus to explore the types of errors associated with ''yě'' in Chinese learners' writing. Findings show that among the three groups of learners whose native languages are English, Japanese, and Korean, ''overinclusion'' is the most common error type when using ''yě,'' followed by ''misselection'' and third by ''omission.'' Because ''yě'' can serve as a linking adverb, similar to its counterparts in English, Japanese, and Korean, learners may incorrectly transfer their native language knowledge, leading to a large number of errors. Also, learners' difficulty in distinguishing ''yě'' from its synonyms within the language may also contribute to errors. Furthermore, '' yě'' frequently appears in structures such as ''not only (búdàn)…but also (érqiě)…yě…'' and ''even (lián)…yě／dōu…'' and learners often omit ''yě'' in these structures. This study, through a comparative analysis of ''yě'' and its equivalents in English, Japanese, and Korean, explores how learners' native language background and intralingual synonyms influence their use of ''yě.'' The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the acquisition of ''yě'' by Chinese learners whose native language is English, Japanese, or Korean.