以現代學科方法探究《攝類學》中認識論與多重命題的內涵

Using Modern Disciplinary Methods to Explore the Epistemology and Multiple Propositions in Collected Topics

作為藏傳佛教格魯派五大論學制的前行基礎，《攝類學》被譽為開啟正法寶藏的鑰匙及獲取遍智之正因，是意欲深進五大論堂奧者必修的重要論典。本文旨在以述詞邏輯、電腦科學與群論等現代學科的概念與方法，探究《攝類學》中兩個主題：認識論與多重命題。
透過將前述兩個主題的內涵以現代形式加以邏輯化、形式化、抽象化，得以獲致如下成果：針對認識論的內涵，以邏輯語言重新解譯取得新的理解，並從邏輯論證中衍生出新的洞見；透過新穎的數學技巧，在方法論的意義上避免了無限後推的難題；善用有限狀態機的視覺化優勢，能直觀地理解多重命題的運算過程，並歸納其運算規律；證明多重命題與交換群有相同的數學結構，因此能利用已知交換群的數學性質來簡化多重命題，並能以數學的抽象視角來解讀認識論命題的意涵；最後，整合前述成果與排序演算法，提出一個能判斷多重命題真值的演算法。
上述成果顯示，這是一種有效且創新的取徑，其方法論上嚴謹與明確的特質，讓它非常適於用來探究《攝類學》中強調邏輯思辨的佛學內涵，因此，值得跨領域學者投入，共同開拓與耕耘這個新的研究領域。

As a foundational text for the Five Great Treatises of the Gelugpa School of Tibetan Buddhism, Collected Topics is regarded as the key to unlocking the treasury of Dharma and the correct cause for obtaining omniscience. It is the essential text for those who wish to explore the profound connotations of the Five Great Treatises. This paper aims to explore two subjects of Collected Topics: epistemology and multiple propositions, by means of concepts and methods from modern disciplines such as predicate logic, computer science, and group theory.
Through the logicalization, formalization, and abstraction of the content of the two aforementioned subjects, we achieve the following results: For the connotation of epistemology, we gain new understandings through reinterpretation in logical language and derive new insights from logical argumentation. By employing novel mathematical techniques, we can methodologically avoid the problem of infi nite regression. By utilizing the visualization advantages of fi nite state machines, we obtain an intuitive understanding of how multiple propositions operate and derive their associated rules. By proving that multiple propositions share the same mathematical structure as a commutative group, we can use the known mathematical properties of the commutative group to simplify multiple propositions, and interpret the implications of epistemological propositions from an abstract mathematical perspective. Finally, by integrating the aforementioned results with sorting algorithms, we propose an algorithm for determining the truth value of multiple propositions.
The above results indicate that this approach is both effective and innovative. Its rigor and clarity in methodology make it particularly suitable for exploring the connotation of Buddhism that emphasizes logical thinking in Collected Topics. Therefore, it is worthwhile for interdisciplinary scholars to engage in and cultivate this new research fi eld.