《孟子》「踐形」觀念綜論

A Comparative Study of the Concept of Embodying Form (Jianxing) in Mengzi

本文旨在分析唐君毅、徐復觀與楊儒賓三位哲學家對孟子踐形觀念的觀點，試圖比較三者之間的差異，並且指出三種詮釋觀念的定位為何。筆者先從《孟子‧盡心上》中「形色，天性也。惟聖人然後可以踐形」一段的基本意義前提，作為觀察三者的切入點；繼而，以心性主體及身體觀兩大概念架構，評析唐君毅詮釋中所強調之「形軀透明化」、徐復觀以「主體理性化」為導向，以及楊儒賓以「精神化身體」為其詮釋重心三種不同詮釋傾向。冀望透過此研究，釐清現代孟子學踐形觀的詮釋方向及可取之處為何。

His paper aims to examine and compare three influential interpretations of the concept of jianxing（踐形,“embodying form”）in the Mengzi, as proposed by Tang Junyi, Hsu Fu-kuan, and Yang Ruyin. Taking as its point of departure the passage in Mengzi,“Form and appearance are inherent in human nature; only the sage can embody virtue”(Mengzi,“Jin Xin I”, translated by Legge, James), this study analyzes how each thinker approaches the relation between form, nature, and moral cultivation. Drawing upon two interpretive axes—namely, the moral subject and the philosophy of the body—the paper explores Tang’s idea of the“transparency of physical form,”Hsu’s notion of“rational subjectivation,”and Yang’s interpretation of the“spiritualized body.”Through a comparative analysis of these perspectives, the study seeks to clarify the major hermeneutic tendencies in modern Mengzi scholarship concerning the role of the body in moral realization.