與孫中山先生對話：運用目標內容理論分析「要立志做大事、不要做大官」在當今中華民國政府中的樣貌

“Make a Difference; Don’t Pursue Elevation”: An Attempt to Converse with Dr. Sun Yat-Sen through the Lens of Goal Content Theory

「青年人要立志做大事，不要做大官」。大家耳熟能詳的國父教誨實現了嗎？在政府部門中，多少公務員立志做大事，多少立志做大官？哪些人傾向立志做大事，哪些傾向立志做大官呢？立志做大事的人，真的比立志做大官的人更有工作士氣嗎？還是說「做大事」僅是一種道德呼籲？本研究藉由修正目標內容理論（goal content theory, GCT），創建了一個五面向的「大官―大事」分類法，作為初步理論化的基礎。該分類法包含：「為了大事做大官」、「講著大事做大官」、「靠著大官做大事」、「不睬大官做大事」，以及「大官大事如浮雲」。本研究採用台灣文官調查第六波（TGBS-VI）於2020年所收集的數據來回答前述研究問題。分析結果顯示，立志做大事的公務員多於立志做大官者，但同時也有三分之一的受訪者認為「大官大事如浮雲」。此外，立志做大事者未必比立志做大官者具有更高的工作士氣與工作品質，真正影響這些結果的，是其職涯發展的狀態。綜合前述統計發現，本文於文末提出對本土化理論建構的見解，並提出相關政策及管理建議。

Sun Yat-Sen is an important name to most Chinese people, including those from China, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and many others. His political philosophy, in the last century, was even placed in Taiwanese high school textbooks and was included as a subject to be tested for those taking college entrance exams. One of his famous quotes can be literally translated as following:“Young people should not merely aim to rise in the government hierarchy. They should aim to make a difference by transforming themselves as well as society.”This quotation is indeed inspiring, but does it really make sense? More precisely, compared to those who aim for higher positions, do those who aim to make a difference by“transforming themselves”show greater worker morale and more positive work attitudes? Through the lens of goal content theory (GCT), the present study sees“making a difference”as an intrinsic goal, whereas“pursuing a higher position”as an extrinsic goal. We further develop a new typology which consists of five types of goals. By testing data from TGBS-VI collected in 2020, we obtained the following findings. First, one third (33%) of public servants lack either intrinsic or extrinsic goals. Second, the absence of goals is related to the poorest worker morale, but positive work attitudes. Third, pursuing an extrinsic goal (a higher position) can compromise work attitudes, but may promote worker morale. Finally, pursuing an intrinsic goal (difference) does not necessarily enhance worker morale or work attitudes. It depends on whether one has been promoted to an ideal position. Our research is one of the pioneering studies that attempt to“localize Western theories”and“develop an indigenous theory.”In addition to theoretical implications, we offer some practical suggestions at the end of the study.