如何以異性戀常規行事：一個晚近社會主義中國「小地方」的親密倫理研究

How to Do Things with Heteronormativity: A Case Study of Intimate Ethics in a Late Socialist Chinese “Small Place”

貌似霸權性的道德秩序不僅與階級等諸多既存社會分類、經濟模式與在地物質條件緊密扣連，也是日常生活中微觀倫理協商、想像、揣測等活動而生的社會產物，而經由親密關係的倫理實作，尤可展現社會變遷與在地常民情感展現、自我認同、關係締結、和認知世界之模式間的辯證性關係。本文以異性戀常規性這個文化道德霸權為問題意識，由「結婚」這個社會實作切入，以試圖呈現上述社會樣貌。本研究的田野調查地點為蘇南四線城市「永安」（化名），結論處也指出，類似在地常民兼具客觀定義（即相對於上海的地理學尺度）和主觀感受的「小地方」，實為研究晚近社會主義中國國家／社會／個人之關係模式的理想場址。

Moral orders often seem to be hegemonic, and therefore totalizing. In actuality, however, not only are they interlinked closely with cultural divisions, economic modes, and material conditions of the given society, moral orders are social products of ethical negotiations, imaginations, and conjectures in everyday life as well. In addition, how local people manage to conduct intimate relationships in an ethical way reveals the dialectical relationship between social change, affective connection, and self-identification. With heteronormativity as an analytical entry point, this paper attempts to demonstrate the ways in which residents of“Yongan,”a fourth-tier city in Southern Jiangsu Province, try to behave ethically regarding marital issues. It concludes with the argument that“small places,”to use Yongan informants’own term, should be deemed by researchers as ideal ethnographic sites of studying the links between the state, the society, and the individual in late-Socialist China.