後設倫理學對道德概念及判斷的分析

Metaethical Analysis on Moral Concept and Judgment

本文以後設倫理學為主要研究對象，首先是比較規範倫理學與後設倫理學的基本差異，旨在剖析後設倫理學的核心觀點，因後者把道德語言和道德語言所表述的內容截然分開，否認在實然命題中論證道德判斷內容的可能性。其次是針對「直覺主義」、「情緒主義」與「指令論」等後設倫理學各家對道德概念及判斷的分析的基本主張作一介紹。最後，以點出致使後設倫理學諸流派沒落的五項共同缺點作為本文結論。

This essay is based on metaethics. First, it aims at investigating the central viewpoint of metaethics by pointing out the differences between normative ethics and metaethics, as the latter distinguishes moral language and contents of moral language from traditional ethics, and disclaims the possibility that 'is proposition' can prove the contents judgment. Secondly, this essay aims at introducing the basic claims of analysis on moral concepts and judgments of three schools of metaethics, i.e. intuitionism, emotivism and prescriptivism. Finally, we point out five common faults of the three schools of metaethics and these cause their downfallen, which is the conclusion of this essay.