人類從自覺到互助的探討

The Study From Self-Consciousness to Mutual Aid about Human Being

本文在探討人類自覺意識的產生與互助的關係。首先說明人類本是動物，但其如何跨出動物的行列？如何擺脫純受本能與環境支配的現象？如何離開對周圍世界的渾沌意識而能客觀的去觀察週遭世界？如何經由語言、勞動等活動產生抽象思考與自主意識、使人的精神逐漸獨立和自覺？如何在感知中逐漸加進日益增多的理解因素，使人類的行為具備文化意涵而能自我規劃？其次，在說明人的自覺，使人類在與動物區別後，自行形成人的團體，並透過合作來促進生活，終使互助成為人類生存的動源，而將自私自利的慾望轉化為利他的共同生活，並在生存的環境受到障礙致影響多數人生活幸福之取得時，基於此種社會自覺而設法進行改造。

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between the self- consciousness and mutual aid about human being. First, I identify why the human being is different from animal? How can we cast off the condition that is dominated by instinct and environment? How to observe the world objectively? How to make the human being become independent and self-conscious gradually? How to enculturate the human being behavior for self-regulation? In additional, I explain as the selfish deed transformation into the altruistic deed, the mutual aid is to be the motive of human being survival and the realization of the well-being life.