餘情飄渺繞餘佛：天台學「體禮互釋」之語境重構及哲學詮釋

Remaining Emotions Linger Around: Contextual Reconstruction and Philosophical Interpretation of the Tiantai School’s Idea of“Mutual Understanding of Essence and Ritual”

本文藉「情─禮」關係作為研究視角，區分禮之形式義、內容義及其勝義，並從禮之勝義探究天台學與禮學之會通。唐君毅（1909-1978）將「無體之禮」詮釋為禮樂本源的超越無對之情──「餘情」；本文則藉印順（1906-2005）所指人類情感共同傾向之「宗教性意欲」作為中介，將智顗（538-597）「無明未破，深達圓理」的「餘佛」概念，與禮學的「餘情」加以銜接，互相闡發。本文通過分析止觀修習的二十五方便指出：「餘佛」伏而未斷的根本無明，在修證義上具有通貫凡聖的同質性，在價值義上具有趨善趨惡的兩可性，因此觀行位「餘佛」深觀圓理的背後，其實蘊含著禮學意義上超對象的宗教性情感──「餘情」。天台學盛揚煩惱即菩提的「不斷斷」，即通過與無體之禮的餘情互相對映而進一步彰顯。

This paper adopts the relationship between emotion (qing情) and ritual (li禮) as its analytical lens, distinguishing among the formal, substantive, and ultimate meanings of li, and explores the convergence between Tiantai天台Buddhism and ritual philosophy from the perspective of the ultimate meaning of li. Tang Junyi唐君毅(1909-1978) interprets“ritual without essence”as the transcendent non-dualistic emotion that forms the ultimate origin of rituals and music—residual emotion (yuqing餘情). This study, however, uses Yinshun’s印順(1906-2005) notion of humanity’s shared emotional inclination, or“religious desire,”as a mediating concept to connect and mutually illuminate Zhiyi’s智顗(538-597) concept of residual Buddhahood (yufo餘佛)—“when ignorance is not yet eradicated, but the perfect principle is deeply understood”—with the ritual philosophical concept of residual emotion.
Through an analysis of the twenty-five skillful means in the practice ofśamathavipaśyanā(tranquility and insight), this paper points out that residual Buddhahood—the fundamental ignorance that is subdued but not yet eradicated—possesses ontological continuity across the mundane and the sacred in terms of realization, and ambivalence toward good and evil in terms of value. Therefore, beneath the meditative realization of residual Buddhahood lies a religious affectivity that transcends objective forms, namely the residual emotion in ritual theory. The Tiantai doctrine that upholds“non-cessation cessation”—the idea that afflictions are none other than bodhi (awakening)—is thereby further elucidated through its reflection in the“ritual without essence”and its residual emotion.