中高齡者對運動保健類樂齡課程的學習需求調查：探討與老化態度、前瞻因應能力關係

Investigating Learning Needs in Middle-aged and Elderly Individuals for Sports and Health Care Courses: Exploring the Association between Aging Attitudes and Proactive Coping Competencies

本研究旨在瞭解中高齡者對運動保健類型樂齡課程的學習需求，並探討中高齡者自我對老化的態度和前瞻因應能力是否會影響其對不同運動保健類樂齡課程的學習需求。採問卷調查法，以臺灣地區45-65歲中高齡者為對象，以便利取樣方式共發出456份問卷，有效問卷416份（回收率91.2%）。研究工具有個人基本調查表、老化態度量表、前瞻因應能力量表、運動保健類樂齡課程調查表，以SPSS22.0 for windows進行統計分析，使用的統計方法包括描述性統計、卡方檢定、皮爾森積差相關、羅吉斯迴歸分析等。在研究結果方面，中高齡者對運動保健類樂齡課程學習需求的前五項為：規律運動、銀髮族體適能、睡眠品質、營養常識和健康老化；其中，學歷高者對於「健康老化」課程的學習需求相對較高，而無子女者對「規律運動」課程的學習需求則高於有子女者。在老化態度與前瞻因應能力上，中高齡者對老化態度傾向中上程度正向認同，並具有中上程度的前瞻因應能力，而兩者間是存在顯著正相關性，故當中高齡者對老化態度越正向時，其前瞻因應能力也會越高。最後從預測分析來看，「老化認知」對「營養常識」課程的學習需求、「前瞻態度」對「睡眠品質」與「營養常識」課程的學習需求、「前瞻行為」對「規律運動」樂齡課程的學習需求，具有預測力。據此，未來樂齡教育者可思考如何提升中高齡者對老的態度和前瞻因應能力，進而促進其對運動保健類樂齡課程的學習需求，並思考針對不同程度者的需求提供有效的運動保健類樂齡課程來有效滿足學習者的學習需求。

The purpose of this study is to understand the learning needs of middle-aged and elderly people for sports and health care courses, and to explore whether the middle-aged and elderly people's aging attitude and proactive coping competencies will affect their learning needs for different sports and health care courses. This study adopted a questionnaire survey approach to explore the learning needs of middle-aged and elderly individuals aged 45–65 in Taiwan. Convenience sampling using a total of 456 questionnaires was carried out and 416 valid responses were collected (response rate of 91.2%). We employed a basic personal information questionnaire, an aging attitude scale, a proactive coping competence scale, and a questionnaire on sports and health care courses tailored for seniors as assessment tools. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS22.0 for windows, and the statistical methods used included descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Pearson product-difference correlation, Logis regression analysis, etc. The results elucidated the top five learning needs among middle-aged and elderly individuals in sports and health care courses: regular exercise, senior-focused physical fitness, sleep quality, nutritional knowledge, and healthy aging. Individuals with higher educational backgrounds showed a stronger inclination toward enrolling in the ''healthy aging'' course, while those without children exhibited a greater preference for the ''regular exercise'' course compared than those with children. Participants tended to display moderate to high levels of positive aging attitudes, along with medium to high levels of proactive coping competencies. A notable finding was the significant positive correlation between these two attributes, such that participants with more positive attitudes toward aging tended to possess higher levels of proactive coping competencies. Using the predictive model, ''aging awareness'' was identified as a predictor for the learning need in the ''nutrition knowledge'' course, while ''proactive attitude'' served as a predictor for the learning needs related to both ''sleep quality'' and ''nutrition knowledge'' courses. Additionally, ''proactive behavior'' emerged as a predictor for the learning need associated with the ''regular exercise'' course. In the future, educators can think about how to improve middle-aged and elderly people's aging attitudes and proactive coping competencies, thereby promoting their learning needs for sports and health care courses, and thinking about providing effective sports and health care courses based on the needs of people with different levels to effectively meet the learning needs of learners.