高中職女學生的制服經驗及青少年自主性之探究——以高屏地區為例

Female High School Students’Experiences of Wearing Uniforms and Their Relations to Adolescent Autonomy: A Study in Southern Taiwan

制服規範常引發學生抗拒，尤其是正處於自主性發展的高中生。傳統二元性別規範亦曾引發女學生的抗議。本研究透過問卷與訪談法，探討女學生制服經驗與自主性之間的關聯，調查了527名來自高屏地區的女學生，並訪談了5名參與者。研究發現，女學生的制服經驗會因公私立學校、是否為女校、學制及年級而有所不同。正向制服經驗主題包括：規定自由、喜歡外觀、增加對學校的認同、及整齊一致。負向制服經驗主題包括：不舒服、擔心曝光、性別刻板、不好看、規定太嚴、及缺乏該有的樣子。自主性主題包括：不懼權威、有自我想法、不受他人干涉、挑戰社會規範、跨越性別二分、反應不合理、及無積極行動等。學生愈有主見，對制服經驗的滿意度愈低；當他們對制服經驗不滿時，較可能採取行動尋求改變。

Uniform rules often trigger resistance from students, especially among high school students who are in the process of developing autonomy. Traditional binary gender norms have also triggered protests by female students. This study employs questionnaires and interviews to investigate the relationship between female students’uniform experiences and autonomy, surveying 527 female students in the Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas and conducting interviews with 5 participants. The study found that the uniforms for female students vary depending on whether they are public or private, whether the school is a girls' school or not, the type of schooling system, and the grade level. Positive uniform experience themes include: freedom from regulations, liking the appearance, increased identification with school, and uniformity. Negative uniform experience themes include: discomfort, fear of exposure, gender stereotypes, unattractiveness, too strict regulations, and lack of the right look. Autonomy themes include not fearing authority, having one’s ideas, not being interfered with by others, challenging social norms, transcending gender dichotomies, reacting unreasonably, and not taking positive actions, among others. The more independent students are, the more dissatisfied they are with their uniform experience. When they are dissatisfied with their uniform experience, they are more likely to take action to seek change.