旅遊都市化、旅遊城市和空間再結構：以宜蘭礁溪為例

Tourism Urbanization, Tourist Cities, and Spatial Restructuring: Jiaoxi, Yilan

本研究試圖藉由「旅遊都市化」的理論架構，說明臺灣旅遊城市發展的成因，以及它對地方形構的空間影響。旅遊都市化是一個新的，而且快速擴張的都市型式，同時奠基在消費的基礎上。它主要是發生在一些重要的旅遊城市之中，而且不同於傳統工業化城市的發展過程，但同樣的是也都主要發生在市中心地區的空間範圍內。礁溪是本研究所選擇的研究對象，理由在於它近年來的觀光旅遊業成長是有目共睹的。由於擁有豐富的觀光旅遊資源與公共建設的投資，礁溪迅速地發展成為國內旅遊市場中重要的旅遊目的地，吸引了眾多的觀光客的拜訪，區域內的旅遊接待業、餐飲服務業、零售業、娛樂與休閒產業和渡假住宅等產業等都在區域內呈現蓬勃發展的趨勢。事實上，在這個二十多年來的旅遊產業發展與空間再結構的過程中，人口總體數量沒有太大的變動，然而旅遊接待業與休閒度假住宅的高度發展地景，卻是相對應的矛盾事實。研究中發現，旅遊城市的都市化現象，並未如同都市化帶來了社會遷移的大量移居人口，原來影響都市化的人口遷移因素，在這座旅遊城市被「短暫性」的人口所取代—其中包括旅遊訪客和休閒度假住宅的投資者兩者。這二類不同短暫時間停留者他們對於這座旅遊城市有著不同的影響，他們成為臺灣旅遊城市的「旅遊都市化」的最基本啟動力量。

This article aims to establish a theoretical framework concerning the phenomenon of tourism urbanization to illustrate its cause and effect on local spatial development in a tourist city in Taiwan. Tourism urbanization is a new and rapid expansion pattern that depends on mass consumption. Unlike traditional urbanization that stems from industrialization, tourism urbanization is usually practiced in a tourist city and emerges from the city’s downtown area. Due to its rapid tourism development over the past 20 years, Jiaoxi Township in Yilan was selected as the town for investigation. Due to its abundant tourism resources and heavy investment in public infrastructure, Jiaoxi Township has quickly become the prevailing destination in the domestic tourism market, attracting many tourist visits. Development related to hospitality, catering, retail, entertainment, and second home real estate has thrived in the tourism township. The hospitality sector and vacation properties have become highly developed and have been major landscapes in the process of tourism and spatial development in the Jiaoxi urbanized area for the past 20 years. This study found that the population of Jiaoxi Township did not change much during this period. There has been no social demographic change brought about by urbanization. The study also revealed that the floating population, including the tourists and vacation property owners, is important and impacts the town. As the impetus for the push behind tourism urbanization, the floating population has replaced the migration population in the urbanization process. Therefore, the floating population is the trigger for urbanization mechanisms in Taiwan’s tourist cities.