某光電廠緊急應變管理及動態避難引導分析之研究

Analysis of Emergency Response Management and Dynamic Evacuation Guidance in an Optoelectronic Industry

本研究選定一光電廠區進行緊急應變管理及人員逃生避難時間之電腦模擬分析。研究結合動態導引系統，運用智慧消防安全與防減災思維，強化工廠的自主安全管理和緊急應變能力。本研究旨在針對光電科技廠大型場域，探討現行逃生路線規畫之可行性及動態避難引導系統之成效。
本研究透過文獻探討及場域勘查，選定高風險區域並針對重大潛在危害區域進行模擬分析。使用避難軟體程式Pathfinder設計不同情境。評估各階段疏散時間、樓梯疏散量及出入口壅塞情形，透過調整人員移動速度以符合實際。在設定避難路徑失效的不利情境下，進行電腦模擬，並探討分層與分區分流成效。其中辦理無預警演練與模擬進行比較分析，期望作為該場域日後教育訓練依據。
研究結果顯示，動態導引系統應用於火災和地震情境中，能提前預警並透過分流機制減少壅塞，平均縮短22%的避難時間。實兵演練中調整步行速度至1.4m/s更貼近實際避難時間，證實疏散規劃有效性。無火源情境下，動態引導系統平均各樓梯使用率，減少496秒避難時間；有火源情境下，動態導引系統能引導人員避開危險出口，使用危險樓梯的比例由12%降至0%。在隨機、分區、分層情境下，四座樓梯可用時分區和分層疏散效果差異約1%，但當某座樓梯失效時，分層疏散效果更佳，可提升9.8%疏散效率。建議針對場域進行疏散機制調整並加強員工消防教育訓練，提升整體疏散成效。

This study selected a photovoltaic plant to conduct a computer simulation analysis of emergency response management and personnel evacuation times. The research integrates the dynamic guidance system ofHEX Dynamic Evacuation Technology, employing smart fire safety and disaster prevention concepts to enhance the plant's autonomous safety management and emergency response capabilities. The study aims to explore the feasibility of current evacuation route planning and the effectiveness of the dynamic evacuation guidance system in a large-scale photovoltaic plant.
The study, through literature review and field surveys, identified high-risk areas and conducted simulation analysis for major potential hazard zones. The evacuation software program Pathfinder was used to design various scenarios, assessing evacuation times at different stages, staircase evacuation volumes, and exit congestion situations, adjusting personnel movement speeds to match reality. In adverse scenarios with evacuation route failures, computer simulations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of layered and zoned evacuation. Unannounced drills were compared with simulations to serve as a basis for future training in the plant.
The results indicate that the dynamic guidance system, when applied to fire and earthquake scenarios, can provide early warnings and reduce congestion through a diversion mechanism, shortening evacuation times by an average of 22%. Adjusting walking speeds to 1.4m/s in live drills provided more accurate evacuation times, confirming the effectiveness of evacuation planning. In scenarios without fire sources, the dynamic guidance system balanced the usage rates of staircases, reducing evacuation times by 496 seconds. In scenarios with fire sources, the dynamic guidance system effectively guided personnel away from dangerous exits, reducing the usage rate of hazardous staircases from 12% to 0%. In random, zoned, and layered scenarios, when four staircases were available, the evacuation effectiveness of zoned and layered approaches differed by only about 1%. However, when a staircase was out of service, the layered evacuation was more effective, improving evacuation efficiency by 9.8%. It is recommended to adjust the evacuation mechanism for the site and enhance employee fire safety training to improve overall evacuation effectiveness.