少年事件修復式司法法制之探究——以紐西蘭為例

The Study of Restorative Justice on juvenile incidents–Taking New Zealand as an Example

近年在非正式司法機制，修復式司法已成為熱議的焦點，特別是該制度在處理兒童及少年事件時，對該特定族群所產生的正面影響；該制度擁有「強調對話溝通、重視當事人權益與地位、促進社區參與及犯罪預防」等特色，因此有別於傳統刑事司法體系，是相對具有人性化之正義模式而成為近代顯學。紐西蘭作為修復式司法實踐的先驅國家之一，其運用於少年司法事件之經驗相當豐富；是以，本文先論述我國實施修復式司法之實踐及少年事件運用修復式司法的工作模式與其帶來之正面效益，同時藉由參考紐西蘭兒童、少年及其家庭法案中對兒少族群保護之相關規定及家庭團體會議之運作流程及特色進行分析，最後以紐西蘭實踐經驗為背景，分析本土化少年事件修復式司法遇有轉介量低落、轉介之法律規範未臻周延、大眾對於修復式司法之認知不足等面向之窘境，並建議參照紐西蘭設計之法律框架，進而比較該國之制度設計、程序運作、以及與社區協作的機制，型塑少年事件處理法中應制定專章以規範修復之細緻化作法及法律效果，並主張「修復先行」取代刑事懲罰，從而落實「兒少最佳利益」原則，以達成少年健全自我成長之目標。

In recent years, restorative justice has become a hot topic in informal justice mechanisms. In particular, restorative justice has a positive impact on this specific group of people when dealing with incidents involving children and teenagers. Restorative justice has the characteristics of ''emphasizing dialogue and communication, paying attention to the rights and status of the parties, promoting community participation and crime prevention''. Therefore, it is different from the traditional criminal justice and has aa humanized justice model and is seen as an important modern approach.. New Zealand has become one of the pioneer countries in the practice of restorative justice and has extensive experience in applying it to juvenile justice incidents. This article first discusses the practice of restorative justice in Taiwan and the positive benefits brought by applying the restorative justice working model in juvenile cases. At the same time, we refer to the relevant provisions of New Zealand's Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 and the operations and features of Family Group Conferences for analysis. Finally, based on the practical experience of New Zealand, this paper analyzes the dilemmas faced by restorative justice in localized juvenile cases, such as the low number of referrals, the lack of legal norms for referrals, and the public's lack of awareness of restorative justice. This article suggests that with reference to the legal framework designed by New Zealand, and then compares the country's institutional design, procedural operation, and community collaboration mechanisms.A specific chapter should be added to the Juvenile Justice Act to outline detailed practices and legal implications. This study advocates ''restoration first'' to replace criminal punishment and implement the principle of ''the best interests of children and children'' to achieve the goal of their healthy self-growth.