以犯罪腳本技術來剖析跨境詐欺犯罪的過程與脈絡

The Study of Analyzing the Process and Context of Transnational Fraud Crimes with the Technique of Crime Script

近三十年來因為全球化時代的變遷，科技不斷的進步，全球緊密的連結下，將經濟、政治、文化等各層面緊緊結合在一起，隨著社會不斷進步，犯罪也隨著全球化高度進化。因為資訊網路與電信高度自由發展下，犯罪也隨之全球化，尤以跨境詐欺為最。科技高度發展下，詐欺犯罪結合網路、電信、通訊科技而肆虐全球，本研究以犯罪腳本技術來剖析跨境詐欺犯罪的過程，解構跨境詐欺犯罪歷程，揭露詐欺犯罪組織與角色。
本研究以次級資料分析法分析近七年官方判決書了解跨境詐欺趨勢，選出141件相當詳細的判決書進行跨境詐欺的過程解析，以犯罪腳本的九大階段解構跨境詐欺犯罪過程；為求犯罪過程的真實性與效度，更訪談六位曾經參與過跨境詐欺的偵查人員，將跨境詐欺組織與角色，與判決書所做的犯罪腳本進行對比，完整呈現跨境詐欺整體犯罪腳本。跨境詐欺犯罪集團分為四大子集團，包含電信機房、系統商、洗錢水房與車手集團，每個子集團的角色都負有重要的工作，整體的犯罪腳本，每個子集團從犯罪前階段的犯罪決意與橫向整合，設備購置與招募成員，到犯罪執行階段則有所不同，系統商協助機房尋找被害目標，機房成員透過三階段話務讓被害人轉帳匯款，最後由洗錢機房透過分層轉帳或匯兌手法，將犯罪所得分散，或者由車手集團進行提領。

Over the past three decades, globalization has brought significant changes, with continuous technological advancements and the growing interconnectedness of global economies, political systems, and cultures.. The development of information networks and telecommunications has facilitated the globalization of crime, with transnational fraud emerging as a significant threat. The rapid advancement of technology has enabled fraud to exploit the Internet, telecommunications, and communication technologies, causing it to proliferate globally.This study employs the crime script technique to deconstruct the stages of fraudulent activities, expose the organizational structure and roles.
The research utilizes secondary data analysis of 141official court verdicts from the past 7 years to break down the process of transnational fraud using the nine stages of the crime script. To ensure the authenticity and validity of the crime process, interviews were conducted with six fraud-experienced investigative detectives. The organizational structure and roles were compared with the crime scripts derived from the verdicts, providing a comprehensive view of the overall fraud crime scene.
Transnational fraud syndicates are divided into four major sub-groups: telecom operations, system providers, money laundering operations, and money mules. Each sub-group plays a crucial role within the overall crime process, which includes various stages from the pre-crime phase—such as criminal intent, horizontal integration, equipment procurement, and member recruitment. In the execution phase, system providers assist the telecom operations in identifying potential victims, telecom members conduct a three-stage communication process to persuade victims to transfer funds, and finally, the money laundering operations disperse the illicit proceeds through layered transfers or exchange methods, or the cash courier group withdraws the funds.